Periti E, Innocenti T A, Fiscella A, Branconi F
Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Università degli Studi.
Minerva Ginecol. 1996 Jun;48(6):221-5.
The determination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status of the newborn remains a major diagnostic problem as a routine test, which detects antibodies to HIV, is of limited value in evaluating newborns. However, the risk of infection for a baby whose mother is an HIV carrier is not yet clear.
A prospective study to evaluate maternal transmission of HIV in our population. In order to provide a better estimate of the effect of some of the risk factors associated with HIV transmission we present a stratification of the transmission rate by these factors.
Between January 1990 and December 1994 were examined a total of 10.949 pregnancies. To evaluate maternal HIV transmission to the fetus we considered a positive routine diagnostic test, which detects antibodies to HIV, of definite significance only at the age of 18 months or over.
Our prospective study shows an overall transmission rate in our population of 31.25%. Maternal disease stage, as reflected by CD4+ cell count, prematurity, mode of delivery (episiotomy) was correlated with HIV transmission.
Although some risk factors have been recognized, our understanding of the various modes of transmission is still limited. We conclude from our experience and previous studies that the risk of maternal to newborn transmission of HIV must be determined according to the specific characteristics of each parturient population.
作为一项常规检测，确定新生儿的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染状况仍然是一个主要的诊断难题，因为检测HIV抗体的常规检测在评估新生儿时价值有限。然而，母亲为HIV携带者的婴儿的感染风险尚不清楚。
进行一项前瞻性研究，以评估我们人群中HIV的母婴传播情况。为了更好地估计一些与HIV传播相关的危险因素的影响，我们按这些因素对传播率进行了分层。
在1990年1月至1994年12月期间，共检查了10949例妊娠。为了评估HIV的母婴传播情况，我们认为只有在18个月及以上时，检测HIV抗体的常规诊断检测呈阳性才具有明确意义。
我们的前瞻性研究显示，我们人群中的总体传播率为31.25%。以CD4+细胞计数反映的母亲疾病阶段、早产、分娩方式（会阴切开术）与HIV传播相关。
尽管已经认识到一些危险因素，但我们对各种传播方式的理解仍然有限。根据我们的经验和先前的研究，我们得出结论，必须根据每个产妇群体的具体特征来确定HIV母婴传播的风险。
