Einarsdottir K G, Bratthall D
Department of Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Lund, Sweden.
Eur J Oral Sci. 1996 Aug;104(4 ( Pt 2)):459-69. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1996.tb00113.x.
During the last decade, a continuous decrease in dental caries has been observed among schoolchildren in Iceland. In this paper, various epidemiological studies have been reviewed and summarized to illustrate caries prevalence, and how it has changed during the last decades. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to describe some of the factors involved and their possible effects on caries disease. During this period, sugar consumption increased, especially in the form of sweets and soft drinks. At the same time, the import of toothpaste increased, and preventive measures such as fissure sealants and fluoride rinsing programs were intensified. Other factors likely to have had an impact were changes in treatment philosophy and increased personnel resources. There does not seem to be any single factor responsible for the onset of the caries decline. It rather looks as if this was a multifactorial effect due to a number of different preventive measures. During recent years, a change in treatment philosophy, the evident increase in fluoride toothpaste consumption, and possible changes in the oral microbial flora, together with the use of fluoride varnishes, sealants, and increased manpower, may explain the decline.
在过去十年间，冰岛学童的龋齿发病率持续下降。本文回顾并总结了各项流行病学研究，以说明龋齿患病率及其在过去几十年间的变化情况。此外，还尝试描述了一些相关因素及其对龋齿疾病可能产生的影响。在此期间，食糖消费量有所增加，尤其是糖果和软饮料的形式。与此同时，牙膏进口量增加，窝沟封闭剂和含氟漱口水等预防措施得到强化。其他可能产生影响的因素包括治疗理念的变化和人力资源的增加。龋齿发病率下降似乎并非由单一因素导致。看起来这是多种不同预防措施产生的多因素效应。近年来，治疗理念的转变、含氟牙膏消费量的显著增加、口腔微生物群可能的变化，以及含氟涂料、窝沟封闭剂的使用和人力的增加，或许可以解释这种下降趋势。
