Herrmann M, Hagenhofer M, Kalden J R
Department of Medicine III, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
Immunol Rev. 1996 Aug;152:145-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1996.tb00914.x.
In some animal models of autoimmune diseases the roles of exogenous and endogenous retroviruses are clearly defined. In ungulates caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, equine infectious anemia virus or Maedi-Visna virus infections cause a well-defined autoimmune disease and the appearance of seropositivity of the animals is of diagnostic value. Likewise, in MRL lpr/lpr mice insertion of a retrotransposon into the fas gene could clearly be shown to cause survival of autoreactive lymphocytes. Despite intensive research in this field over a long period of time, molecular data on retroviral involvement in either etiology or pathology of human SLE and other autoimmune rheumatic diseases remain rather scarce. However, the analysis of retroviral antibodies and antigens in human autoimmune disease is undoubtedly important with regard to the search for retroviruses as disease-causing agents.
在一些自身免疫性疾病的动物模型中，外源性和内源性逆转录病毒的作用已得到明确界定。在有蹄类动物中，山羊关节炎脑炎病毒、马传染性贫血病毒或梅迪-维斯纳病毒感染会引发明确的自身免疫性疾病，动物血清阳性的出现具有诊断价值。同样，在MRL lpr/lpr小鼠中，逆转座子插入fas基因可明确导致自身反应性淋巴细胞存活。尽管长期以来在该领域进行了深入研究，但关于逆转录病毒参与人类系统性红斑狼疮和其他自身免疫性风湿性疾病的病因或病理的分子数据仍然相当匮乏。然而，在人类自身免疫性疾病中分析逆转录病毒抗体和抗原对于寻找作为致病因子的逆转录病毒无疑具有重要意义。
