Rust K F, Rao J N
Westat, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850-3129, USA.
Stat Methods Med Res. 1996 Sep;5(3):283-310. doi: 10.1177/096228029600500305.
The analysis of survey data requires the application of special methods to deal appropriately with the effects of the sample design on the properties of estimators and test statistics. The class of replication techniques represents one approach to handling this problem. This paper discusses the use of these techniques for estimating sampling variances, and the use of such variance estimates in drawing inferences from survey data. The techniques of the jackknife, balanced repeated replication (balanced half-samples), and the bootstrap are described, and the properties of these methods are summarized. Several examples from the literature of the use of replication in analysing large complex surveys are outlined.
对调查数据的分析需要应用特殊方法，以妥善处理样本设计对估计量和检验统计量性质的影响。重复技术类别是处理此问题的一种方法。本文讨论了这些技术在估计抽样方差方面的应用，以及在从调查数据中进行推断时使用此类方差估计的情况。描述了刀切法、平衡重复复制（平衡半样本）和自助法等技术，并总结了这些方法的性质。概述了文献中使用重复技术分析大型复杂调查的几个示例。
