Tootell R B, Dale A M, Sereno M I, Malach R
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 1996 Nov;19(11):481-9. doi: 10.1016/S0166-2236(96)10053-9.
Recent developments in imaging and histology have greatly clarified our understanding of the nature and organization of human visual cortex. More than ten human cortical visual areas can now be differentiated, compared with the approximately 30 areas described in macaque monkeys. Most human areas and columns described so far appear quite similar to those in macaque but distinctive species differences also exist. Imaging studies suggest two general information-processing streams (parietal and temporal) in human visual cortex, as proposed in macaque. Several human areas are both motion- and direction-selective, and a progression of motion-processing steps can be-inferred from the imaging data. Human visual areas for recognizing form are less well defined but the evidence again suggests a progression of information-processing steps and areas, beginning posterior to the human middle temporal area (or V5), and extending inferiorly then anteriorly. This is consistent with findings from macaque, and with human clinical reports.
成像技术和组织学的最新进展极大地深化了我们对人类视觉皮层的性质和组织结构的理解。与猕猴中描述的约30个区域相比，现在已能区分出十多个人类皮层视觉区域。到目前为止所描述的大多数人类区域和柱状结构看起来与猕猴中的非常相似，但也存在明显的物种差异。成像研究表明，人类视觉皮层中存在两条一般的信息处理流（顶叶和颞叶），正如在猕猴中所提出的那样。几个人类区域对运动和方向都具有选择性，并且可以从成像数据中推断出一系列运动处理步骤。用于识别形状的人类视觉区域的定义不太明确，但证据再次表明存在一系列信息处理步骤和区域，从人类颞中区（或V5）后方开始，然后向下再向前延伸。这与猕猴的研究结果以及人类临床报告一致。
