Crystal S, Waehrer K
Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1996 Nov;51(6):S307-18. doi: 10.1093/geronb/51b.6.s307.
Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men were used to estimate economic inequality within three 5-year cohorts as they moved from midlife to later life. The Gini index of inequality increased steadily after age 59, supporting the hypothesis that within-cohort inequality increases in late life. However, a transition analysis found considerable mobility in relative status for individuals over a 15-year period. These results suggest the need to develop a longitudinal perspective on later-life economic status which distinguishes between individual-level and population-level outcomes and identifies the life events and characteristics of individuals that predict changes in economic status. Further research is needed on the processes which lead to later-life inequality, and on the distributional impact of public and private pension policies.
来自全国老年男性纵向调查的数据被用于估计三个5年队列从中年到老年期间的经济不平等状况。不平等的基尼系数在59岁之后稳步上升，这支持了同队列不平等在晚年增加的假设。然而，一项过渡分析发现，个体在15年期间的相对地位有相当大的变动。这些结果表明，有必要从纵向角度看待晚年经济状况，区分个体层面和总体层面的结果，并确定预测经济状况变化的个体生活事件和特征。需要对导致晚年不平等的过程以及公共和私人养老金政策的分配影响进行进一步研究。
