Myhrman A, Rantakallio P, Isohanni M, Jones P, Partanen U
Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of Oulu, Finland.
Br J Psychiatry. 1996 Nov;169(5):637-40. doi: 10.1192/bjp.169.5.637.
Maternal stress during pregnancy has been suggested as a risk factor for schizophrenia. We tested the hypothesis that being the child of an unwanted pregnancy would be associated with later schizophrenia.
Data were collected prospectively in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort of 11 017 individuals. In the sixth or seventh month of pregnancy mothers were asked whether the pregnancy was wanted, mistimed but wanted or unwanted. Schizophrenia diagnoses in the cohort members were obtained from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register.
Seventy-six cases of DSM-III-R schizophrenia were identified in the whole cohort between the ages of 16 and 28 years; a cumulative incidence of 0.7%, compared with 1.5% for those born from unwanted pregnancies. The risk of later schizophrenia among unwanted children was raised compared with wanted or mistimed children, even after adjustment for confounding by sociodemographic, pregnancy and perinatal variables (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.2-4.8).
The results suggest that unwantedness may operate either directly as a psychosocial stress during development making children more liable to schizophrenia, or it may be a marker for behaviours associated with risk in either the mother or the child.
孕期母亲压力被认为是精神分裂症的一个风险因素。我们检验了这样一个假设，即意外怀孕所生孩子日后患精神分裂症的风险更高。
前瞻性收集了芬兰北部1966年出生队列中11017人的数据。在怀孕第六或第七个月时，询问母亲该次怀孕是否是计划内的、时机不当但想要的或意外怀孕。队列成员的精神分裂症诊断信息来自芬兰医院出院登记册。
在整个队列16至28岁的人群中，共确诊了76例DSM-III-R精神分裂症；累积发病率为0.7%，而意外怀孕所生孩子的发病率为1.5%。即便在对社会人口学、怀孕及围产期变量进行混杂因素调整后，意外怀孕所生孩子日后患精神分裂症的风险仍高于计划内或时机不当怀孕所生孩子（比值比2.4；95%置信区间1.2 - 4.8）。
结果表明，意外怀孕可能直接作为一种心理社会压力，在发育过程中使孩子更易患精神分裂症，或者它可能是母亲或孩子中与风险相关行为的一个标志。
