Solon F S, Solon M S, Mehansho H, West K P, Sarol J, Perfecto C, Nano T, Sanchez L, Isleta M, Wasantwisut E, Sommer A
Nutrition Center of the Philippines, Metro Manila, Philippines.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996 Nov;50(11):720-3.
This study assessed the effects of consuming a highly hydrogenated, vitamin A (VA)-fortified margarine not requiring refrigeration on VA status of preschool children.
A double-masked randomized community trial.
Six rural villages in Cavite, Southern Luzon, the Philippines.
296 and 285 children 3-6 y of age in the VA-fortified (experimental) and non-fortified (control) margarine groups, respectively.
Each week for 6 months households were given 250 g of VA-fortified margarine [providing 28.8 micrograms retinol equivalents (RE) per g] or non-fortified (0 microgram RE) margarine of identical appearance for each enrolled child. Children's vitamin A status [serum retinol, xerophthalmia, and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) status] and dietary intake were assessed at baseline and follow-up; margarine intake was monitored throughout the study.
Daily margarine intake per child averaged 27 g in the experimental group (providing 776 micrograms RE) and 24 g (0 microgram RE) in the control group. After 6 months, mean serum retinol increased from 26.4 to 28.8 micrograms/dl in the experimental group but decreased from 26.6 to 25.1 micrograms/dl in controls (P < 0.001 at 6 months); the multiple-adjusted increment over controls was 2.4 micrograms/dl (P < 0.01). More importantly, the prevalence of low serum retinol (< 20 micrograms/dl) decreased from 25.7 to 10.1% in the experimental group but remained unchanged in controls (26.7 to 27.7%) (P < 0.01 at 6 months). At follow-up no experimental children had developed xerophthalmia but 1.4 and 1.8% of controls developed nightblindness and Bitot's spots, respectively. There were no differences in CIC between groups.
Consumption of VA-fortified margarine significantly improved VA status of preschool Filipino children.
本研究评估食用无需冷藏的高度氢化、维生素A（VA）强化人造黄油对学龄前儿童VA状况的影响。
双盲随机社区试验。
菲律宾吕宋岛南部甲米地省的六个乡村。
VA强化（试验）组和非强化（对照）组分别有296名和285名3至6岁儿童。
在6个月的时间里，每周为每户家庭中登记在册的每个儿童提供250克VA强化人造黄油（每克提供28.8微克视黄醇当量[RE]）或外观相同的非强化人造黄油（0微克RE）。在基线和随访时评估儿童的维生素A状况[血清视黄醇、干眼病和结膜印迹细胞学（CIC）状况]以及饮食摄入量；在整个研究过程中监测人造黄油的摄入量。
试验组儿童每人每日人造黄油摄入量平均为27克（提供776微克RE），对照组为24克（0微克RE）。6个月后，试验组的平均血清视黄醇从26.4微克/分升增至28.8微克/分升，而对照组则从26.6微克/分升降至25.1微克/分升（6个月时P<0.001）；与对照组相比，经多重调整后的增量为2.4微克/分升（P<0.01）。更重要的是，试验组低血清视黄醇（<20微克/分升）的患病率从25.7%降至10.1%，而对照组则保持不变（从26.7%至27.7%）（6个月时P<0.01）。随访时，试验组儿童未出现干眼病，但对照组分别有1.4%和1.8%的儿童出现夜盲症和毕脱氏斑。两组间CIC无差异。
食用VA强化人造黄油可显著改善菲律宾学龄前儿童的VA状况。
