Barnard R C
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1996 Oct;24(2 Pt 1):121-5. doi: 10.1006/rtph.1996.0117.
Traditional quantitative risk assessment based on conservative generic assumptions led to an upper-bound risk value with minimum or no consideration of costs and benefits. There is a growing consensus for a new approach to risk assessment based on a combination of scientific risk assessment and economic cost-benefit analysis. Scientific evaluation would be improved to support the economic cost-benefit analysis. The objective is to demonstrate whether the benefits justify the costs. The move in the new direction is shown by Executive Order 12866 and the Office of Management and Budget implementing document, the proposed regulatory reform legislation in Congress, the draft report of the Risk Assessment and Risk Management Commission, and the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 that enacted the new approach combining scientific and economic assessment of risk. This Commentary discusses these developments with particular reference to contemplated changes in scientific risk assessment to support a parallel economic risk-benefit analysis.
基于保守的一般假设进行的传统定量风险评估得出的是一个上限风险值，最少考虑或根本不考虑成本与效益。对于基于科学风险评估与经济成本效益分析相结合的新风险评估方法，人们的共识日益增多。科学评估将得到改进，以支持经济成本效益分析。其目标是证明效益是否能证明成本合理。行政命令12866及管理与预算办公室的实施文件、国会提出的监管改革立法、风险评估与风险管理委员会的报告草案以及1996年的《安全饮用水法修正案》都表明了朝着新方向的转变，该修正案制定了将风险的科学评估与经济评估相结合的新方法。本评论将讨论这些进展，特别提及为支持并行的经济风险效益分析而对科学风险评估所设想的变化。
