Back W, Schamhardt H C, Barneveld A
Department of General and Large Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Vet Q. 1996;18 Suppl 2:S79-84.
In purchase examinations or at studbook selection sales the locomotor apparatus of horses is judged both at walk and trot. To evaluate whether kinematics of the walk are related to the locomotion at the trot, fore and hind limb movements of a group of 24 26-month-old warmbloods were recorded at walk and trot on a treadmill (1.6 and 4 m/s) using a modified CODA-3 gait analysis system. The intralimb coordination patterns at walk and trot were compared, and temporal and spatial variables of these gaits were related. Stride and stance durations (s) were shorter at the trot, while the stance distance (m) and swing duration (s) remained the same. Moreover, the pattern of the joint angle-time curves at walk and trot looked rather similar, though shifted to the left at trot because of the shorter relative stance duration. During the stance phase, the shoulder, stifle and tarsal joints were more flexed throughout, while the carpal and fetlock joints were more maximally extended in the trot than in the walk. In the swing phase, the elbow, carpal, stifle, and tarsal joints were more flexed because of the higher 'operating' speed at the trot compared to the walk. All other kinematic variables at the trot could be predicted from the mean +/- lsd of the values recorded at the walk. Moreover, nearly all kinematic variables at the walk correlated well with those at the trot, while variables indicating gait quality of the walk were similar to the ones identified previously for the trot. In conclusion, kinematics recorded at the walk in a group of horses were similar to and thus predictive for locomotion at the trot providing the decreased stance duration and the increased speed of the trot are taken into consideration.
在购买检查或种马登记簿选售时，会在马行走和小跑时对其运动器官进行评判。为了评估行走的运动学特征是否与小跑时的运动相关，使用改良的CODA - 3步态分析系统，在跑步机上（速度为1.6米/秒和4米/秒）记录了一组24匹26月龄温血马在行走和小跑时的前肢和后肢运动。比较了行走和小跑时的肢内协调模式，并关联了这些步态的时间和空间变量。小跑时的步幅和站立持续时间（秒）较短，而站立距离（米）和摆动持续时间（秒）保持不变。此外，行走和小跑时的关节角度 - 时间曲线模式看起来相当相似，不过由于相对站立持续时间较短，小跑时曲线向左偏移。在站立阶段，肩部、膝关节和跗关节始终更弯曲，而腕关节和球节在小跑时比行走时伸展得更充分。在摆动阶段，由于小跑时的“运行”速度比行走时高，肘关节、腕关节、膝关节和跗关节更弯曲。小跑时的所有其他运动学变量都可以根据行走时记录值的均值±最小显著差来预测。此外，行走时几乎所有的运动学变量都与小跑时的变量高度相关，而表明行走步态质量的变量与先前确定的小跑时的变量相似。总之，考虑到小跑时站立持续时间的缩短和速度的增加，一组马匹行走时记录的运动学特征与小跑时的运动相似，因此对小跑运动具有预测性。
