Rásky E, Stronegger W J, Freidl W
Institute of Social Medicine, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria.
Prev Med. 1996 Nov-Dec;25(6):757-63. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1996.0116.
Unemployment has become a serious social problem in industrialized countries. Job loss produces health-related disorders. Health-related data of the unemployed are scarce and prompted us to survey this group.
A database of a health survey conducted between 1989 and 1993 in 79 selected rural communities of Styria (Austria) was used to analyze risk factors and employment status. The sample consisted of 8,747 individuals, 345 unemployed and 8,402 employed.
Risk behavior is higher among unemployed individuals than among those employed, particularly for males. Unemployed males were significantly less motivated to reduce weight and to change dietary habits than their counterparts, and they had significantly more anxieties, sleeping disorders, and lack of appetite. A similar pattern was found with regard to gastrointestinal and chronic liver and respiratory diseases. In addition, the unemployed utilized medical services more often.
This is the first study on health-related indicators and unemployment status in Austria. Job loss implies health-related disorders. The effectiveness of reducing the morbidity of the population in general is also dependent on intervention programs focusing on the specific needs of this high-risk group, e.g., adapting primary health care to its needs and fostering social support networks.
在工业化国家，失业已成为一个严重的社会问题。失业会引发与健康相关的疾病。有关失业者的健康相关数据稀缺，这促使我们对这一群体进行调查。
利用1989年至1993年在奥地利施蒂利亚州79个选定农村社区进行的一项健康调查数据库，分析风险因素和就业状况。样本包括8747人，其中345人失业，8402人就业。
失业者中的风险行为高于就业者，男性尤其如此。与就业男性相比，失业男性在减轻体重和改变饮食习惯方面的积极性明显较低，且他们有更多的焦虑、睡眠障碍和食欲不振问题。在胃肠道疾病、慢性肝脏疾病和呼吸系统疾病方面也发现了类似的模式。此外，失业者更频繁地使用医疗服务。
这是奥地利第一项关于健康相关指标和失业状况的研究。失业意味着与健康相关的疾病。总体上降低人群发病率的有效性还取决于针对这一高危群体的特定需求的干预项目，例如，使初级卫生保健适应其需求并促进社会支持网络。
