Janlert U
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Umeå University, Sweden.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1997;23 Suppl 3:79-83.
There is a causal link between unemployment and the deterioration in health status, but there is also an act of selection so that people with health problems have more problems in getting a new job. Unemployed men, especially the young, increase their alcohol consumption as compared with employed referents. Unemployed persons are smokers to a greater extent than employed persons, and smokers have a higher risk of becoming unemployed. Psychological indicators have been studied well in connection with health effects of unemployment. Losing, or gaining, employment has clear effects on psychiatric symptoms and on well-being. The death rate is increased among unemployed persons.
失业与健康状况恶化之间存在因果联系，但也存在一种选择行为，即有健康问题的人在获得新工作方面会遇到更多困难。与有工作的对照对象相比，失业男性，尤其是年轻人，饮酒量会增加。失业者吸烟的比例高于有工作的人，而且吸烟者失业的风险更高。人们对心理指标与失业对健康的影响之间的关系进行了充分研究。失业或就业对精神症状和幸福感都有明显影响。失业者的死亡率会上升。
