马匹在长期训练、过度训练和停训期间最大摄氧量的变化。

Changes in maximum oxygen uptake during prolonged training, overtraining, and detraining in horses.

作者信息

Tyler C M, Golland L C, Evans D L, Hodgson D R, Rose R J

机构信息

Department of Animal Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

出版信息

J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Nov;81(5):2244-9. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.5.2244.

DOI:10.1152/jappl.1996.81.5.2244

PMID:8941551

Abstract

Thirteen standardbred horses were trained as follows: phase 1 (endurance training, 7 wk), phase 2 (high-intensity training, 9 wk), phase 3 (overload training, 18 wk), and phase 4 (detraining, 12 wk). In phase 3, the horses were divided into two groups: overload training (OLT) and control (C). The OLT group exercised at greater intensities, frequencies, and durations than group C. Overtraining occurred after 31 wk of training and was defined as a significant decrease in treadmill run time in response to a standardized exercise test. In the OLT group, there was a significant decrease in body weight (P < 0.05). From pretraining values of 117 +/- 2 (SE) ml.kg-1.min-1, maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) increased by 15% at the end of phase 1, and when signs of overtraining were first seen in the OLT group, VO2max was 29% higher (151 +/- 2 ml.kg-1.min-1 in both C and OLT groups) than pretraining values. There was no significant reduction in VO2max until after 6 wk detraining when VO2max was 137 +/- 2 ml.kg-1.min-1. By 12 wk detraining, mean VO2max was 134 +/- 2 ml.kg-1.min-1, still 15% above pretraining values. When overtraining developed, VO2max was not different between C and OLT groups, but maximal values for CO2 production (147 vs. 159 ml.kg-1.min-1) and respiratory exchange ratio (1.04 vs. 1.11) were lower in the OLT group. Overtraining was not associated with a decrease in VO2max and, after prolonged training, decreases in VO2max occurred slowly during detraining.

摘要

13匹标准赛马接受了如下训练：第1阶段（耐力训练，7周），第2阶段（高强度训练，9周），第3阶段（超负荷训练，18周），以及第4阶段（停训，12周）。在第3阶段，马匹被分为两组：超负荷训练组（OLT）和对照组（C）。OLT组的运动强度、频率和时长均高于C组。训练31周后出现过度训练，其定义为在标准化运动测试中跑步机跑步时间显著减少。在OLT组，体重显著下降（P < 0.05）。最大摄氧量（VO2max）从训练前的117±2（SE）ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹在第1阶段结束时增加了15%，当OLT组首次出现过度训练迹象时，VO2max比训练前值高29%（C组和OLT组均为151±2 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹）。直到停训6周后VO2max才出现显著下降，此时VO2max为137±2 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹。到停训12周时，平均VO2max为134±2 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹，仍比训练前值高15%。当出现过度训练时，C组和OLT组的VO2max没有差异，但OLT组的二氧化碳产生最大值（147 vs. 159 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹）和呼吸交换率（1.04 vs. 1.11）较低。过度训练与VO2max的降低无关，并且在长时间训练后，VO2max在停训期间缓慢下降。