Robbins T W
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, U.K.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1996 Oct 29;351(1346):1463-70; discussion 1470-1. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1996.0131.
An analysis is provided of three distinct paradigms that have been used to study executive functions of the prefrontal cortex involving planning, self-ordered memory or attentional set-shifting. Psychological and anatomical dissociations are sought from the perspective of studies of patients with frontal lobe lesions, functional neuroimaging, psychometric studies in normal volunteers and experimental studies in non-human primates. Particular attention is paid to attempts to dissociate mnemonic from other executive capacities. Thus, patients with frontal damage are shown to have deficits in their (1) use of strategies to improve performance in a spatial working memory task and (2) capacity to make an extra-dimensional shift due to a high-order failure of inhibition in an attentional set-shifting paradigm. These results are discussed in terms of anatomical and neuropharmacological dissociations of different aspects of executive function within the prefrontal cortex shown in monkeys.
本文分析了三种不同的范式，这些范式被用于研究前额叶皮质的执行功能，涉及计划、自我排序记忆或注意力转换。从额叶损伤患者的研究、功能神经影像学、正常志愿者的心理测量研究以及非人类灵长类动物的实验研究等角度，探寻心理和解剖学上的分离。特别关注将记忆与其他执行能力分离的尝试。因此，额叶损伤患者表现出以下缺陷：（1）在空间工作记忆任务中运用策略提高表现的能力；（2）在注意力转换范式中，由于高阶抑制失败而进行维度外转换的能力。根据猴子前额叶皮质中执行功能不同方面的解剖学和神经药理学分离情况，对这些结果进行了讨论。
