Endoscopic forehead lift: an operative technique.

On the basis of over 100 endoscopic forehead lifts, we present an in-depth view of the current operative technique. The critical components are the following: (1) a subgaleal resection of muscle insertions rather than a subperiosteal approach to muscle origins, (2) a complete periosteal release along the lateral orbital rim, (3) a vertical suspension utilizing screws and staples that are removed at 1 week, and (4) a lateral temporal expansion using absorbable sutures. With this technique, a more controlled eyebrow position and eyebrow shape can be achieved.