Parazzini F, Chatenoud L, Benzi G, Di Cintio E, Dal Pino D, Tozzi L, Fedele L
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy.
Hum Reprod. 1996 Oct;11(10):2306-9. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019094.
We analysed the relationship between coffee and alcohol intake, smoking and risk of multiple pregnancies using data from a case-control study on risk factors for multiple births conducted in Italy. Cases were 133 women who delivered multiple births not related to treatment for infertility (33 monozygotic and 100 dizygotic twins). Controls were 395 women admitted for normal delivery at the same clinic where cases had been identified. The odds ratios (OR) of multiple pregnancy were 1.5[95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8-2.8] and 2.0 (95% CI 1.0-3.7) for women drinking respectively one to two or three or more cups of coffee per day in comparison with non-coffee drinkers. Considering separately dizygotic and monozygotic pregnancies, the estimated OR were respectively for women drinking three or more cups of coffee, 1.7 and 3.1 for dizygotic and monozygotic pregnancies. The risk of multiple pregnancy tended to be higher in women drinking >or= 15 alcohol drinks per week: in comparison with tea-totallers the estimated OR for drink > or = 15 glasses per week were 2.3 and 2.6 respectively for dizygotic and monozygotic pregnancies. Heavy smokers (> or = 10 cigarettes per day) were at increased risk of multiple pregnancy: in comparison with never smokers, the estimated OR for multiple pregnancy was 1.6 (95% CI 0.9-2.7). Considering separately the two groups of multiple pregnancy, the OR of dizygotic and monozygotic pregnancy were 1.4 (95% CI 0.8-2.5) and 2.4 (95% CI 0.9-6.1) for women smoking > or = 10 cigarettes/day, but the trend in risk with number of cigarettes smoked per day and duration of the habit was not significant.
我们利用在意大利进行的一项关于多胎分娩危险因素的病例对照研究数据，分析了咖啡和酒精摄入量、吸烟与多胎妊娠风险之间的关系。病例为133名分娩多胞胎且与不孕治疗无关的女性（33对单卵双胞胎和100对双卵双胞胎）。对照为在确诊病例的同一诊所接受正常分娩的395名女性。与不喝咖啡的女性相比，每天饮用一到两杯或三杯及以上咖啡的女性发生多胎妊娠的比值比（OR）分别为1.5[95%置信区间（CI）0.8 - 2.8]和2.0（95%CI 1.0 - 3.7）。分别考虑双卵和单卵妊娠，对于饮用三杯及以上咖啡的女性，双卵和单卵妊娠的估计OR分别为1.7和3.1。每周饮用≥15杯酒精饮料的女性发生多胎妊娠的风险往往更高：与滴酒不沾者相比，每周饮用≥15杯酒精饮料的女性双卵和单卵妊娠的估计OR分别为2.3和2.6。重度吸烟者（每天≥10支香烟）发生多胎妊娠的风险增加：与从不吸烟者相比，多胎妊娠的估计OR为1.6（95%CI 0.9 - 2.7）。分别考虑两组多胎妊娠情况，每天吸烟≥10支的女性双卵和单卵妊娠的OR分别为1.4（95%CI 0.8 - 2.5）和2.4（95%CI 0.9 - 6.1），但每天吸烟数量和吸烟习惯持续时间与风险之间的趋势不显著。
