Berkowitz G S, Holford T R, Berkowitz R L
Early Hum Dev. 1982 Dec 6;7(3):239-50. doi: 10.1016/0378-3782(82)90086-x.
A case-control study of 175 mothers of singleton, preterm infants and 313 mothers of singleton, term infants was undertaken at Yale-New Haven Hospital during 1977 to explore possible risk factors of preterm delivery. Heavy alcohol consumption (an average of two or more drinks per day) during the pregnancy was associated with an approximately 3-fold risk of preterm delivery. Women who smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day were also at an increased risk of a preterm delivery, but the effect of cigarette smoking was less pronounced once confounding variables had been taken into account. No association was observed between coffee drinking and shortened gestations. Tea consumption, especially four or more cups of tea per day, was more frequent among women with a preterm as compared to a term infant, but no significant relation was evident between heavy tea consumption and preterm delivery after controlling for the effects of other risk factors.
1977年，耶鲁-纽黑文医院对175名单胎早产婴儿的母亲和313名单胎足月儿的母亲进行了一项病例对照研究，以探究早产的可能风险因素。孕期大量饮酒（平均每天饮用两杯或更多）与早产风险增加约3倍有关。每天吸烟10支或更多的女性早产风险也会增加，但在考虑混杂变量后，吸烟的影响就不那么明显了。未观察到喝咖啡与缩短妊娠期之间存在关联。与足月儿的母亲相比，早产婴儿的母亲更常饮茶，尤其是每天饮用四杯或更多杯茶，但在控制其他风险因素的影响后，大量饮茶与早产之间没有明显的显著关系。
