Krampe R T, Ericsson K A
Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Education, Berlin, Germany.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 1996 Dec;125(4):331-59. doi: 10.1037//0096-3445.125.4.331.
Two studies investigated the role of deliberate practice in the maintenance of cognitive-motor skills in expert and accomplished amateur pianists. Older expert and amateur pianists showed the normal pattern of large age-related reductions in standard measures of general processing speed. Performance on music-related tasks showed similar age-graded decline for amateur pianists but not for expert pianists, whose average performance level was only slightly below that of young expert pianists. The degree of maintenance of relevant pianistic skills for older expert pianists was predicted by the amount of deliberate practice during later adulthood. The role of deliberate practice in the active maintenance of superior domain-specific performance in spite of general age-related decline is discussed.
两项研究调查了刻意练习在专业和高水平业余钢琴家保持认知运动技能方面的作用。年长的专业和业余钢琴家在一般处理速度的标准测量中呈现出与年龄相关的大幅下降的正常模式。与音乐相关任务的表现，业余钢琴家呈现出类似的年龄分级下降，但专业钢琴家并非如此，他们的平均表现水平仅略低于年轻的专业钢琴家。年长专业钢琴家相关钢琴技能的保持程度可由成年后期的刻意练习量预测。文中讨论了尽管存在与年龄相关的普遍下降，但刻意练习在积极保持卓越的特定领域表现方面的作用。
