Ashton-Miller J A, Ottaviani R A, Hutchinson C, Wojtys E M
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2125, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 1996 Nov-Dec;24(6):800-9. doi: 10.1177/036354659602400616.
We measured the maximal isometric eversion moment developed under full weightbearing in 20 healthy adult men (age, 24.4 +/- 3.4 years; mean +/- SD) with their ankles in 15 degrees of inversion. Tests were performed at both 0 degree and 32 degrees of ankle plantar flexion in low- and in three-quarter-top shoes with and without adhesive athletic tape or one of three proprietary ankle orthoses. At 0 degree of ankle plantar flexion, the mean maximal voluntary resistance of the unprotected ankle to an inversion moment was 50 +/- 8 N-m; this increased by an average of 12% (or 6 N-m) when the subject wore a three-quarter-top basketball shoe. The maximal voluntary resistances to inversion moments developed with the ankles further protected by athletic tape or any of three orthoses were not significantly different. Biomechanical calculations suggest that at 15 degrees of inversion the fully active ankle evertor muscles isometrically developed a moment up to six times larger than that developed when an athlete wears a three-quarter-top shoe alone and more than three times larger than that developed passively when the athlete has tape or an orthosis worn inside a three-quarter-top shoe. We conclude that fully activated and strong ankle evertor muscles are the best protection for a near-maximally inverted ankle at footstrike.
我们测量了20名健康成年男性（年龄24.4±3.4岁；均值±标准差）在全负重状态下，踝关节处于15°内翻时所产生的最大等长外翻力矩。测试分别在踝关节跖屈0°和32°时进行，穿着低帮鞋和四分之三帮鞋，有或没有粘贴运动胶带，或使用三种专利踝关节矫形器之一。在踝关节跖屈0°时，未受保护的踝关节对内翻力矩的平均最大自主阻力为50±8 N·m；当受试者穿着四分之三帮篮球鞋时，该阻力平均增加12%（即6 N·m）。当踝关节通过运动胶带或三种矫形器之一进一步得到保护时，所产生的对内翻力矩的最大自主阻力没有显著差异。生物力学计算表明，在15°内翻时，完全激活的踝关节外翻肌等长产生的力矩比运动员仅穿着四分之三帮鞋时所产生的力矩大六倍，比运动员在四分之三帮鞋内佩戴胶带或矫形器时被动产生的力矩大三倍多。我们得出结论，在着地时，完全激活且强壮的踝关节外翻肌是对接近最大程度内翻的踝关节的最佳保护。
