Richter D, Saake I
Pflege. 1996 Sep;9(3):171-9.
Limits of the Whole. A critique of holistic concepts in nursing science. Nursing theories, almost without exception, are geared towards the so-called holistic paradigm in order to differentiate themselves from the deficits of a modern, functionally orientated medicine. This paper evaluates the holistic paradigm as a sound basis for nursing science. A comparison with developments in other scientific disciplines which have already moved away from holistic approaches shows that nursing science departs from these tendencies in allied disciplines. An empirical investigation of nurses' subjective theories about their patients shows that the holistic approach is also unsatisfactory for practical purposes. It is recommended to give up the holistic paradigm in nursing science.
整体的局限。护理科学中整体概念的批判。护理理论几乎无一例外地倾向于所谓的整体范式，以便与现代功能导向医学的缺陷区分开来。本文评估整体范式作为护理科学坚实基础的情况。与其他已经摒弃整体方法的科学学科的发展情况进行比较表明，护理科学背离了相关学科的这些趋势。对护士关于其患者的主观理论进行的实证调查表明，整体方法在实际应用中也不尽人意。建议放弃护理科学中的整体范式。
