Schettini B
Prof Inferm. 1997 Jan-Mar;50(1):10-4.
The academic birth of the nursing science has created a disciplinary problem of the statute, epistemological bases of the relation between the sciences of nature and the sciences of man. The real subject of the nursing science is the care and its reason for being is in the ability of motivating with scientific and rational bases the choices of nursing care. Because of its characteristics the nursing science is tended towards the practice more than to a speculative knowledge, so the nursing science can be called "empiric science of care". It treats man in regard to quality, to relation, to the metaphoric interpretation of life and health more than to measurement. For its ability of investigate with methodological rigor, the nursing science is able to build a proper body of knowledges, crossing all the other disciplines involved in the study of man (cross-disciplinarity). Obviously, first of all, it's a question of pragmatic/assertive knowledge and only subordinately a nomothetic/predictive one. Evidently, nursing science and profession are not at once identifiable or overlying, we are going towards a new professional construction, which is changing the basic characteristics of the previous education, goes beyond it to reach another identity. Medicine is defined the "science of disease", differently from nursing which we can describe as a paradigmatic science of health.
护理科学的学术诞生引发了一个学科地位的问题，即自然科学与人文科学之间关系的认识论基础问题。护理科学的真正主题是护理，其存在的理由在于能够以科学合理的依据推动护理选择。由于其自身特点，护理科学更倾向于实践而非思辨性知识，因此护理科学可被称为“护理的经验科学”。它看待人的方式更多地涉及品质、关系以及对生命和健康的隐喻性解读，而非测量。凭借其严谨的研究方法，护理科学能够构建起一门恰当的知识体系，跨越所有参与人类研究的其他学科（跨学科性）。显然，首先这是一个关于实用/确定性知识的问题，其次才是关于通则性/预测性知识的问题。显然，护理科学与护理职业并非立即就能等同或重叠，我们正朝着一种新的职业建构迈进，这种建构正在改变先前教育的基本特征，超越它以达成另一种身份认同。医学被定义为“疾病的科学”，与护理不同，护理可被描述为一门健康的范式科学。
