Robinson L A, Spencer J A, Neal D E
Department of Primary Health Care, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Med Educ. 1996 May;30(3):208-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1996.tb00744.x.
There is an increasing trend in undergraduate education towards teaching clinical skills from a community base. A new clinical curriculum was introduced in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1995, beginning with an integrated clinical skills course. Although the attitudes and views of general practitioners (GPs) towards community-based clinical teaching have previously been reported, their perceived training needs have not been formally identified. The aims of this study were to identify the competencies needed by GPs for community-based clinical skills teaching, to compare and contrast these needs with their hospital colleagues, and to use the results to develop a teaching programme for the clinical tutors involved in the new course. In order of priority, the GPs and hospital tutors expressed similar needs: small-group teaching skills, assessing student needs, giving effective feedback and assessment of student performance, with a preference for the teaching to be organized within local teaching units. Most GPs and hospital tutors (73 and 69%, respectively) requested a distance-learning pack to complement the teaching. General practitioners rated resources for improving their individual clinical skills more highly than their hospital colleagues: for example, videotapes demonstrating examination techniques. Forty-six per cent of GP tutors had received some formal training in teaching methods compared to 29% of hospital tutors. The implications of the results for developing a 'Teaching the Teachers' course for clinical tutors are discussed.
本科教育中从社区基础出发教授临床技能的趋势日益增强。1995年泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔引入了新的临床课程，以一门综合临床技能课程开篇。尽管此前已有关于全科医生（GPs）对基于社区的临床教学的态度和观点的报道，但他们所感知到的培训需求尚未得到正式确定。本研究的目的是确定全科医生进行基于社区的临床技能教学所需的能力，将这些需求与其医院同事的需求进行比较和对比，并利用结果为参与新课程的临床导师制定教学计划。按优先顺序，全科医生和医院导师表达了相似的需求：小组教学技能、评估学生需求、给予有效反馈以及评估学生表现，倾向于在当地教学单位内组织教学。大多数全科医生和医院导师（分别为73%和69%）要求提供远程学习资料包以辅助教学。与医院同事相比，全科医生对提升其个人临床技能的资源评价更高：例如，展示检查技术的录像带。46%的全科医生导师接受过一些教学方法方面的正规培训，而医院导师的这一比例为29%。文中讨论了这些结果对为临床导师开发“教师培训”课程的启示。
