Laidlaw J M, Harden R M, Morris A M
Centre for Medical Education, University of Dundee, UK.
Med Educ. 1996 May;30(3):226-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1996.tb00747.x.
Increasing interest in continuing medical education is reflected in greater demand for educational programmes. Content and educational strategies should be appropriate to the needs of the target audience. Proper matching of content and strategies to target needs of users requires the instructional design to be carefully planned and based on a needs-assessment study. We illustrate the influence of educational needs on content and learning strategies through an educational programme for general practitioners on the subject of malignant melanoma. Its design includes: i. a trigger leaflet; ii. a core text; iii. a set of interactive case studies; iv. a job-aid card; v. a follow-up leaflet; and vi. recorded messages available by telephone. It addressed, in particular, the key decision to be taken by the general practitioner: 'When should I refer a patient with a suspected early melanoma: when should I merely reassure the patient?' Doctors were invited, in the programme, to make decisions about referral of patients. They received immediate feedback on their decisions. Various strategies reinforced this feedback.
对继续医学教育兴趣的不断增加体现在对教育项目的更大需求上。内容和教育策略应适合目标受众的需求。要使内容和策略与用户的目标需求恰当匹配，就需要精心规划教学设计并基于需求评估研究。我们通过一个针对全科医生的关于恶性黑色素瘤主题的教育项目，来说明教育需求对内容和学习策略的影响。其设计包括：i. 一份触发式传单；ii. 一份核心文本；iii. 一组交互式案例研究；iv. 一张工作辅助卡；v. 一份跟进传单；以及vi. 通过电话可获取的录音信息。它特别解决了全科医生要做出的关键决策：“我应该何时将疑似早期黑色素瘤患者转诊：我应该何时仅仅让患者放心？”在该项目中，邀请医生对患者转诊做出决策。他们会收到关于其决策的即时反馈。各种策略强化了这种反馈。
