Intorre L, Bertini S, Luchetti E, Mengozzi G, Crema F, Soldani G
Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Pisa, Italy.
Alcohol. 1996 Nov-Dec;13(6):547-51. doi: 10.1016/s0741-8329(96)00063-8.
The mediator for the action of ethanol on the parietal cell of the stomach is not known. However, because the action of ethanol on gastric acid secretion was proposed to involve the release of histamine, we decided to investigate the effects of ethanol and some alcoholic beverages (red wine and beer) on histamine release from the dog stomach. After performing a splenectomy in anaesthetized beagle dogs, the gastrosplenic vein draining the corpus of the stomach was cannulated for blood withdrawal to evaluate the local release of gastrin and histamine by RIA. Intragastric administration of 200 ml of beer (4.8% ethanol) or red wine (12.5% ethanol) caused a significant enhancement in gastrin and histamine concentrations in venous blood from the stomach. By contrast, intragastric administration of pure ethanol in distilled water at the same concentrations of wine or beer did not significantly modify gastrin and histamine release. Integrated histamine responses for 20 min to beer and wine paralleled gastrin concentrations and were of the same magnitude of those induced by intravenous infusion of pentagastrin at 1 and 6 micrograms/ kg/h, respectively. We conclude that: 1) beer and red wine, but not pure ethanol, are potent releasers of histamine; 2) histamine release seems to be related to the gastrin response and probably occurs at the level of enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells; 3) the ethanol content of these drinks is not important for their stimulant effect, indicating that some other components of beer and wine are responsible for gastrin and histamine release from the dog stomach.
乙醇作用于胃壁细胞的介质尚不清楚。然而，由于有人提出乙醇对胃酸分泌的作用涉及组胺的释放，我们决定研究乙醇和一些酒精饮料（红酒和啤酒）对犬胃组胺释放的影响。在对麻醉的比格犬进行脾切除术后，将引流胃体的胃脾静脉插管用于采血，通过放射免疫分析法评估胃泌素和组胺的局部释放。胃内给予200毫升啤酒（4.8%乙醇）或红酒（12.5%乙醇）可使胃静脉血中胃泌素和组胺浓度显著升高。相比之下，胃内给予相同浓度红酒或啤酒中纯乙醇时，胃泌素和组胺释放未发生显著改变。啤酒和红酒20分钟的组胺综合反应与胃泌素浓度平行，其幅度分别与静脉输注1微克/千克/小时和6微克/千克/小时的五肽胃泌素诱导的反应幅度相同。我们得出以下结论：1）啤酒和红酒而非纯乙醇是组胺的强效释放剂；2）组胺释放似乎与胃泌素反应有关，可能发生在肠嗜铬样（ECL）细胞水平；3）这些饮料中的乙醇含量对其刺激作用并不重要，表明啤酒和红酒中的其他某些成分可导致犬胃中胃泌素和组胺的释放。
