Arndt W B, Shelton R L, Johnson A F, Furr M L
J Speech Hear Res. 1977 Jun;20(2):263-92. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2002.263.
A multivariate, hierarchical clustering procedure was used to identify homogeneous subgroups among 98 misarticulating children age eight years through nine years, six months. Clustering was based on 40 tests or measures of language, auditory processing, school achievement, oral structure, oral form recognition, and other phenomena. Clusters were described and then compared for performance on measures of articulation status and articulation improvement with training. Clusters were also derived from subsets of children who misarticulated only one sound, either /s/or/r/. Also, the subset of children who misarticulated /s/ was compared with children who misarticulated /r/ for performance on the measures classified above. Few of the clusters identified differed in articulation status or improvement with training.
采用多变量分层聚类程序，在98名年龄为8岁至9岁6个月的发音不清儿童中识别出同质亚组。聚类基于40项语言、听觉处理、学业成绩、口腔结构、口腔形式识别及其他现象的测试或测量。对聚类进行描述，然后比较其在发音状态测量和训练后发音改善方面的表现。聚类也来自仅发错一个音（/s/或/r/）的儿童子集。此外，还比较了发错/s/的儿童子集和发错/r/的儿童子集在上述分类测量中的表现。所识别出的聚类中，很少有在发音状态或训练改善方面存在差异的。
