Hoffman P R, Daniloff R G, Bengoa D, Schuckers G H
J Speech Hear Disord. 1985 Feb;50(1):46-53. doi: 10.1044/jshd.5001.46.
In this study, 22 children, ages 6:0 to 6:11, who misarticulated word-initial [r] as [w], were compared to 13, age-matched normally articulating children for their ability to identify and discriminate seven synthetic stimuli representing an acoustic continuum between [we] and [re]. Discrimination was tested among 3-step continuum stimulus pairs using the 4IAX paradigm. All of the control children demonstrated a single, sharp phonemic boundary during identification and higher between-phoneme than within-phoneme discrimination ability. Most of the misarticulating children demonstrated abnormal identification functions, with many showing only chance-level responses. Discrimination ability of the misarticulating children was generally poorer than that of the normally articulating children. Furthermore, discrimination ability of children in both groups was largely predictable from their identification performance, assuming categorical perception of these stimuli. Results indicate that a majority of the 6-year-old [r]-misarticulating children have failed to phonemically distinguish /r/ from /w/. These results call into question the use of the liquid gliding process as a psychological processing description of the misarticulation of these children.
在本研究中，将22名年龄在6岁0个月至6岁11个月之间、将单词开头的[r]发错为[w]的儿童，与13名年龄匹配、发音正常的儿童进行比较，测试他们识别和区分七个合成刺激的能力，这些刺激代表了[we]和[re]之间的声学连续体。使用4IAX范式在三步连续体刺激对之间测试辨别能力。所有对照儿童在识别过程中都表现出单一、清晰的音位边界，音位间的辨别能力高于音位内的辨别能力。大多数发音错误的儿童表现出异常的识别功能，许多儿童仅表现出随机水平的反应。发音错误儿童的辨别能力总体上比发音正常的儿童差。此外，假设对这些刺激进行范畴知觉，两组儿童的辨别能力在很大程度上可从他们的识别表现中预测出来。结果表明，大多数6岁发错[r]音的儿童未能在音位上区分/r/和/w/。这些结果质疑了将滑音过程用作对这些儿童发音错误的心理加工描述的做法。
