DuRant R H, Treiber F, Goodman E, Woods E R
Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Pediatrics. 1996 Dec;98(6 Pt 1):1104-8.
Frequent violent behavior among adolescents has been found to be associated with previous exposure to violence, personal victimization, depression, hopelessness, and older age. Although young adolescents engage in less severe violent behavior than older adolescents, their perceived normative expectations to use violence to resolve conflicts may already be established by early adolescence. This study examined the influence of exposure to violence, depression, church attendance, multiple drug use, and demographic variables on young adolescents' intentions to use violence to resolve conflict.
Young adolescents (N = 225, males = 49.4%, black = 88.7%, mean age = 12.9 +/- 1 years) in two middle schools serving low-income and working-class communities were administered a previously tested anonymous questionnaire. They were also asked how they would resolve conflict in 15 different hypothetical situations. Each situation had 10 possible responses ranging from humor or avoidance to severe violence (eg, use of a gun). The Intentions to Use Violence in Hypothetical Situations Scale had a high internal reliability (alpha = .88) and was correlated (r = .46) at the expected level for this age group with a standardized use of violence and weapon-carrying scale.
The Intentions to Use Violence in Hypothetical Situations Scale was significantly correlated with age (r = .17), school grade (r = .14), lower church attendance (r = -.23), frequency of smoking (r = .24), alcohol use (r = .37), marijuana use (r = .36), crack cocaine use (r = .14), smokeless tobacco use (r = .20), injecting drug use (r = .16), depression (r = .12), and exposure to violence (r = .48). Based on multiple regression analysis, exposure to violence, marijuana use, frequency of church attendance, alcohol use, cocaine use, and tobacco use accounted for 36.6% of the variation in the Intentions to Use Violence in Hypothetical Situations Scale.
Although the intention to use violence was associated with previous exposure to violence and current drug use, adolescents who attended religious services more often were less likely to report that they would use violence to resolve interpersonal conflict.
研究发现青少年频繁的暴力行为与既往接触暴力、个人受侵害经历、抑郁、绝望情绪以及年龄较大有关。尽管青少年早期实施的暴力行为不如青少年晚期严重，但他们在青春期早期可能就已形成通过暴力解决冲突的规范性认知。本研究探讨了接触暴力、抑郁、参加教会活动、多种药物使用及人口统计学变量对青少年早期使用暴力解决冲突意图的影响。
在两所服务于低收入和工人阶级社区的中学，对青少年早期学生（N = 225，男性占49.4%，黑人占88.7%，平均年龄 = 12.9 ± 1岁）进行了一份预先测试过的匿名问卷调查。还询问了他们在15种不同假设情境下会如何解决冲突。每种情境有10种可能的应对方式，从幽默或回避到严重暴力行为（如使用枪支）。假设情境中使用暴力意图量表具有较高的内部信度（α = 0.88），并且在该年龄组预期水平上与暴力行为标准化使用和携带武器量表相关（r = 0.46）。
假设情境中使用暴力意图量表与年龄（r = 0.17）、年级（r = 0.14）、较低的教会活动参与度（r = -0.23）、吸烟频率（r = 0.24）、饮酒（r = 0.37）、使用大麻（r = 0.36）、使用快克可卡因（r = 0.14）、使用无烟烟草（r = 0.20）、注射毒品（r = 0.16）、抑郁（r = 0.12）以及接触暴力（r = 0.48）显著相关。基于多元回归分析，接触暴力、使用大麻、参加教会活动的频率、饮酒、使用可卡因和使用烟草占假设情境中使用暴力意图量表变异的36.6%。
尽管使用暴力的意图与既往接触暴力及当前药物使用有关，但更频繁参加宗教活动的青少年报告称他们会使用暴力解决人际冲突的可能性较小。
