Zardoya R, Vollmer D M, Craddock C, Streelman J T, Karl S, Meyer A
Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794-5245, USA.
Proc Biol Sci. 1996 Nov 22;263(1376):1589-98. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1996.0233.
A phylogeny of the principal lineages of cichlid fishes and two other fish families of the suborder Labroidei was based on phylogenetic information from DNA sequences of the flanking region of a (CA)n microsatellite locus. Microsatellite (CA)n containing clones from a genomic library of an African cichlid fish from Lake Tanganyika, Tropheus moorii, were sequenced and primers for the polymerase chain reaction designed. All primers amplified the homologous microsatellite loci in many more than the source species and one microsatellite flanking locus (TmoM27) was particularly conserved and amplified in several lineages of perciform fishes that diverged more than 80-100 million years ago. Despite the extensive level of evolutionary conservation of this microsatellite flanking region (MFR), this nuclear region contained reliable phylogenetic information in the form of both point and length mutations. A phylogeny of cichlids based on this MFR agrees with other phylogenetic hypotheses based on morphological, mitochondrial, and anonymous nuclear DNA. Madagascan and Indian cichlids are found to be paraphyletic and the most basal group in the family Cichlidae. African and Neotropical cichlids are both monophyletic and sistergroups. Within African lineages, the East African cichlids are most likely to be monophyletic and the West African cichlids are probably paraphyletic and basal to all African species. The focal microsatellite locus contained much variation in (CA)n repeats in African cichlids and in surfperches (up to 64 repeats), but was short (with only 2-4 repeats) and almost invariant in Neotropical cichlids. The design of phylogenetically highly versatile MFR-primers will be of use not only for phylogeny reconstruction among families of perciform fishes, but also for population-level work in the thousands of species belonging to this highly species-rich suborder of fishes.
丽鱼科鱼类的主要谱系以及隆头鱼亚目其他两个鱼科的系统发育是基于一个(CA)n微卫星位点侧翼区域DNA序列的系统发育信息构建的。对来自坦噶尼喀湖的一种非洲丽鱼科鱼类——莫氏突吻丽鱼的基因组文库中含微卫星(CA)n的克隆进行了测序，并设计了聚合酶链反应的引物。所有引物在远多于源物种的物种中扩增出同源微卫星位点，一个微卫星侧翼位点(TmoM27)特别保守，在8000万至1亿年前分化的几个鲈形目鱼类谱系中都能扩增出来。尽管这个微卫星侧翼区域(MFR)具有广泛的进化保守性，但这个核区域以点突变和长度突变的形式包含了可靠的系统发育信息。基于这个MFR构建的丽鱼科系统发育与基于形态学、线粒体和匿名核DNA的其他系统发育假说一致。马达加斯加和印度的丽鱼科鱼类被发现是并系的，是丽鱼科中最基部的类群。非洲和新热带丽鱼科鱼类都是单系的且为姐妹群。在非洲谱系中，东非丽鱼科鱼类最有可能是单系的，而西非丽鱼科鱼类可能是并系的，且是所有非洲物种的基部类群。在非洲丽鱼科鱼类和海鲫中，焦点微卫星位点的(CA)n重复序列有很大差异(多达64个重复)，但在新热带丽鱼科鱼类中很短(只有2 - 4个重复)且几乎不变。系统发育上高度通用的MFR引物的设计不仅将用于鲈形目鱼类科间的系统发育重建，还将用于这个物种高度丰富的鱼类亚目中数千个物种群体水平的研究工作。
