Rudd M D, Joiner T, Rajab M H
Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Tempe 76508, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1996 Nov;105(4):541-50. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.105.4.541.
The relationships among suicide ideators, attempters, and multiple attempters were explored in 332 psychiatric patients referred specifically for suicidal ideation or behavior. Previous researchers have subsumed multiple attempters under the general category of attempters. However, comparisons across a range of variables, including Axis I diagnoses from the revised 3rd edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, hopelessness, problem solving, and a range of personality features revealed that multiple attempters presented a more severe clinical picture and, accordingly, elevated suicide risk compared with attempters and ideators. Observed differences between groups were maintained when attempters with "questionable intent" (i.e., those making equivocal attempts) were excluded from the analyses.
在332名因自杀意念或行为而被专门转诊的精神科患者中，对有自杀意念者、自杀未遂者和多次自杀未遂者之间的关系进行了探究。先前的研究人员已将多次自杀未遂者归入自杀未遂者这一总体类别。然而，对一系列变量进行比较，包括《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（美国精神病学协会，1987年）第三版修订本中的轴I诊断、抑郁和焦虑症状、自杀意念、绝望感、解决问题的能力以及一系列人格特征，结果显示，与自杀未遂者和有自杀意念者相比，多次自杀未遂者呈现出更严重的临床症状，相应地，其自杀风险也更高。当将有“可疑意图”（即那些进行含糊不清的自杀尝试者）的自杀未遂者排除在分析之外时，各群体之间观察到的差异依然存在。
