Lutwick L I
Division of Infectious Diseases, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1996 Dec;10(4):899-915. doi: 10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70332-9.
The timely facilitation of immunologic (immunoglobulin or vaccine) or antimicrobial prophylaxis is used in individuals who have been exposed to certain infectious diseases. Such methodology has been shown to be helpful in infections such as viral hepatitis types A and B, measles, varicella, rabies, and tuberculosis. The data supporting such use in rubella and mumps are not strong and information is still needed in hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus, and Lyme borreliosis. This article reviews postexposure prophylaxis in these situations. Preventive strategies for meningococcal disease, group A streptococcus, tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis are discussed elsewhere in this issue.
对于接触过某些传染病的个体，会及时进行免疫（免疫球蛋白或疫苗）或抗菌预防。这种方法已被证明对甲型和乙型病毒性肝炎、麻疹、水痘、狂犬病和结核病等感染有帮助。支持在风疹和腮腺炎中使用这种方法的数据并不充分，丙型肝炎、人类免疫缺陷病毒和莱姆病方面仍需要更多信息。本文回顾了这些情况下的暴露后预防措施。本期其他地方讨论了脑膜炎球菌病、A组链球菌、破伤风、白喉和百日咳的预防策略。
