Intrathecal baclofen in cerebral palsy movement disorders.

Intrathecal baclofen reduces spasticity in individuals with cerebral palsy. Intrathecal doses are far lower than oral doses and the effects are considerably greater, and the side effects are fewer. Response to intrathecal baclofen must be confirmed by a screening trial before implantation of a pump for chronic infusion. Intrathecal baclofen reduces spasticity in the upper and lower extremities and is often associated with improved gait and upper extremity function. Quality of life improves for patients and caregivers. The Medtronic pump has been exceedingly reliable and typically functions for 4 or 5 years. The currently available intrathecal catheter is associated with far fewer complications than the initial catheter. Baclofen overdoses are unusual and are usually caused by pump programming errors rather than pump malfunction. Preliminary studies suggest that continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion reduces generalized dystonia in cerebral palsy. Screening to determine response of dystonia to intrathecal baclofen is by continuous infusion. The doses required to reduce dystonia are higher than those for cerebral spasticity. Additional investigations are underway to quantify the effects of continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion on communication, disability, and dystonia.