Forjuoh S N, Li G
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 1996 Dec;43(11):1551-60. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00051-2.
Injury is recognized as an increasing public health problem in developing countries. Extensive research on injury control has been conducted in the U.S. and other industrialized countries in the past several decades, but research is still in its infancy in developing countries. In this paper, successful interventions for transport and home injuries are reviewed in the context of the developing country setting. The aim is to evaluate injury interventions developed in the industrialized countries and identify those likely to be usable in developing countries. The evaluation criteria used include the efficacy of the interventions, as well as their affordability, feasibility and sustainability. The review demonstrates that while several interventions are available in the field of injury prevention for developing countries to import, caution should be taken in doing this. The use of automobile safety seat belts, bicyclist and motorcyclist helmets, speed limits, laws banning the sale of alcohol at lorry parks, pedestrian crossing signs, adequate roadway lighting, separation of pedestrians from vehicles, conspicuity-enhancement measures, simple safety equipment, and poison prevention packaging should be seriously considered by developing countries to reduce the morbidity and mortality from transport and home injuries. Since injury prevention may often require a blend of several interventions due to the multifactorial nature of the causes of injury, interventions that appear to be most effective are those with multidimensional strategies including education, legislation and environmental modification. This review should serve as a useful guide to injury control efforts in developing countries which must grapple with limited resources and low levels of education.
在发展中国家，伤害被视为一个日益严重的公共卫生问题。在过去几十年里，美国和其他工业化国家对伤害控制进行了广泛研究，但在发展中国家，相关研究仍处于起步阶段。本文在发展中国家的背景下，对交通和家庭伤害的成功干预措施进行了综述。目的是评估工业化国家开发的伤害干预措施，并确定那些可能适用于发展中国家的措施。所使用的评估标准包括干预措施的有效性，以及其可承受性、可行性和可持续性。综述表明，虽然在伤害预防领域有几种干预措施可供发展中国家引进，但在这样做时应谨慎。发展中国家应认真考虑使用汽车安全带、自行车骑行者和摩托车骑行者头盔、限速、禁止在货车停车场售酒的法律、人行横道标志、充足的道路照明、行人与车辆分离、增强醒目性的措施、简单的安全设备以及预防中毒包装，以降低交通和家庭伤害造成的发病率和死亡率。由于伤害预防往往因伤害原因的多因素性质而可能需要多种干预措施的结合，因此最有效的干预措施是那些具有包括教育、立法和环境改造在内的多维度策略的措施。这篇综述应为发展中国家的伤害控制工作提供有用的指导，这些国家必须应对资源有限和教育水平较低的问题。
