[早产儿的屈光不正和斜视]

[Refractive errors and strabismus in premature infants].

作者信息

Zubcov A A, Kaiser P, Subklev R, Schlösser R, Stärk N

机构信息

Abteilung Kinderaugenheilkunde, Universitäts-Augenklinik, Frankfurt/Main.

出版信息

Ophthalmologe. 1996 Aug;93(4):341-4.

PMID:8963128

Abstract

AIM

We aimed to investigate the incidence of refractive errors and strabismus in premature infants relative to their individual birth weight.

METHODS

We investigated 107 premature infants with birth weight < 1250 g (group A, n = 54) and > 1250 g (group B, n = 53). All children were evaluated at the ages of 6 and 24 months for their spherical equivalent and the presence of high myopia (< or = 6.0 D) and strabismus.

RESULTS

At 6 months the spherical equivalent was -0.93 +/- 4.2 D in group A and 1.09 +/- 1.9 D in group B, at 24 months -0.75 +/- 5.0 D vs 1.44 +/- 1.9 D (P < 0.01). At 6 months the incidence of high myopia was 10% in group A and 0% in group B, at 2 years 12% vs 2% (P < 0.01). Low birth weight and a long period of artificial ventilation correlated with the development of high myopia. At 6 months 21% of group A and 8.5% of group B showed strabismus, at 2 years 25% vs. 8.5% (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION

Because of the increased incidence of high myopia and strabismus we recommend routine retinoscopy and orthoptic evaluation at the age of 6 months in every child weighing less than 1250 g at birth.

摘要

目的

我们旨在研究早产儿屈光不正和斜视的发生率与其个体出生体重的关系。

方法

我们调查了107例出生体重<1250g的早产儿（A组，n = 54）和>1250g的早产儿（B组，n = 53）。所有儿童在6个月和24个月时接受评估，测量其等效球镜度数以及是否存在高度近视（≤ -6.0 D）和斜视。

结果

6个月时，A组等效球镜度数为-0.93±4.2 D，B组为1.09±1.9 D；24个月时，A组为-0.75±5.0 D，B组为1.44±1.9 D（P<0.01）。6个月时，A组高度近视发生率为10%，B组为0%；2岁时，A组为12%，B组为2%（P<0.01）。低出生体重和长时间人工通气与高度近视的发生相关。6个月时，A组21%的儿童和B组8.5%的儿童出现斜视；2岁时，A组为25%，B组为8.5%（P<0.01）。