Byrne D W, Salzberg C A
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA.
Spinal Cord. 1996 May;34(5):255-63. doi: 10.1038/sc.1996.46.
Pressure ulcers remain a dominant health problem for persons with spinal cord injury despite abundant published research describing risk factors. Although information on these factors is plentiful, its usefulness to the spinal cord disabled is limited by three problems. First, the sheer volume is overwhelming; more than 200 risk factors for pressure ulcers have been described in the published literature. For most health care professionals, finding, no less reading and evaluating, the hundreds of articles published on this topic would be difficult. Second, most studies focused on elderly patients in nursing homes. Pressure ulcer risk factors for the spinal cord disabled are often different from those for the elderly; yet many findings from studies of the elderly provide valuable information. Third, inadequate sample sizes often hamper the usefulness of research on the spinal cord disabled. Drawing valid conclusions from these small studies, especially concerning potential risk factors is difficult. To address these three problems, we critically evaluated the medical, nursing, and nutritional research literature that pertained to risk factors for pressure ulcer development. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of published reports on the principal risk factors for pressure ulcers in persons with spinal cord injuries.
尽管已有大量关于危险因素的研究发表，但压疮仍然是脊髓损伤患者的一个主要健康问题。虽然关于这些因素的信息很多，但对脊髓损伤患者来说，其用途受到三个问题的限制。首先，信息量太大；已发表的文献中描述了200多种压疮危险因素。对于大多数医疗保健专业人员来说，查找，更不用说阅读和评估，关于这个主题发表的数百篇文章是很困难的。其次，大多数研究集中在养老院的老年患者身上。脊髓损伤患者的压疮危险因素往往与老年人不同；然而，对老年人的许多研究结果提供了有价值的信息。第三，样本量不足常常妨碍对脊髓损伤患者的研究的实用性。从这些小型研究中得出有效结论，尤其是关于潜在危险因素的结论是困难的。为了解决这三个问题，我们严格评估了与压疮发生危险因素相关的医学、护理和营养研究文献。本文的目的是对已发表的关于脊髓损伤患者压疮主要危险因素的报告进行综述。
