van Wijk D J, Hutchinson T H
Analytical and Environmental Chemistry Department, Akzo Nobel Central Research, Arnhem, Netherlands.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1995 Dec;32(3):244-53. doi: 10.1006/eesa.1995.1110.
In order to assess the risk posed by chlorate in aquatic ecosystems, data on the effects of chlorate on aquatic organisms (microorganisms, algae, invertebrates, and fish) and mesocosm studies have been collated and critically reviewed. The geometric mean E(L)C50 values for both freshwater and marine species were (as ClO3-): microorganisms, 38,583 mg.liter-1; microalgae, 563 mg.liter-1; invertebrates, 2442 mg.liter-1; fish, 3815 mg.liter-1. Marine macro red algae were insensitive to chlorate, whereas marine macro brown algae (e.g., Fucus sp.) appeared to be exceptionally sensitive to chlorate, adverse long-term effects having been reported at concentrations as low as 0.015 mg ClO3-.liter-1. Evidence for the mechanism by which chlorate is thought to be particularly toxic to these species is also reviewed. It is concluded that, based on the species reported, chlorate is nontoxic (acute toxicity > 100 mg.liter-1) to most of the freshwater and marine species examined. However, chlorate is highly toxic (acute toxicity < 0.1 mg.liter-1) to certain macro brown algal species. For macro brown algae, the NOEC after 6 months was reported to be approximately 0.005 mg ClO3-.liter-1. It is also concluded that an improved understanding of the actual mode of action of chlorate in sensitive species is desirable. Together with further information on the environmental fate of chlorate, this will improve the risk assessment for chlorate in the aquatic environment.
为评估氯酸盐对水生生态系统构成的风险，已整理并严格审查了有关氯酸盐对水生生物（微生物、藻类、无脊椎动物和鱼类）影响的数据以及中宇宙研究。淡水和海洋物种的几何平均E(L)C50值（以ClO3-计）分别为：微生物，38583毫克/升；微藻，563毫克/升；无脊椎动物，2442毫克/升；鱼类，3815毫克/升。海洋大型红藻对氯酸盐不敏感，而海洋大型褐藻（如墨角藻属）似乎对氯酸盐异常敏感，据报道，在低至0.015毫克ClO3-/升的浓度下就会产生长期不良影响。还审查了关于氯酸盐被认为对这些物种具有特别毒性的机制的证据。得出的结论是，根据所报告的物种，氯酸盐对大多数所研究的淡水和海洋物种无毒（急性毒性>100毫克/升）。然而，氯酸盐对某些大型褐藻物种具有高毒性（急性毒性<0.1毫克/升）。对于大型褐藻，据报道6个月后的无观测效应浓度约为0.005毫克ClO3-/升。还得出结论，需要更好地了解氯酸盐在敏感物种中的实际作用方式。连同有关氯酸盐环境归宿的更多信息，这将改进对水生环境中氯酸盐的风险评估。
