Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) in hemodialysis: technical aspects.

Phase-sensitive impedance analysis in association with anthropometric parameters provides adequate body composition estimates in nephropathic subjects, with complex three-compartment modelling as a reference. Extracellular fluid shifts can be detected during ultrafiltration by phase sensitive impedance analyzers. Rough impedance parameters such as Reactance and Phase Angle have been normalized with large series of data collected from reference populations and a bioelectric nomogram, termed Biagram, is proposed to assess the normality between Extracellular and Intracellular spaces, without the need of anthropometric parameters such as Height and Weight.