Hebrang A, Turek S, Vidjak V, Drinković I, Brkljacić B
Lijec Vjesn. 1996 Jul-Aug;118(7-8):147-51.
The quality of health care also depends partly on technological equipment. Among the devices which diminish the quality of services if they are old, increasing at the same time the danger when used, are certainly those in radiodiagnostics. Besides, their age controls the dose of radiation to which patients and professional staff are exposed. The knowledge of the age of this equipment is the basis of the plans for further development. The aim of the study is to determine the age of each individual radiodiagnostic device in Croatian institutions. The assessment of each device was made by a qualified professional. The method of data collection was based on the uniform questionnaire which comprised radiodiagnostic devices older than ten years, classified according to type and location (primary health care center or hospital, in total 655 devices). Determination of the age index of generators and x-ray tubes older than seven years (according to the World Bank recommendation), included also mobile units (55 for fluoroscopy and 68 for radiography), devices for dental radiography, devices in private sector (118) and devices which are out of use but not officially blocked (88), which means in total 859 generators and 1111 x-ray tubes. In addition, the availability of image intensifiers for fluoroscopy and manufactures of all devices were determined. The results of the study reveal that in primary health care centers, out of 248 radiodiagnostic devices, 193 are older than ten years (77.8%), while 4 are of unknown age. In hospitals, out of 407 devices, there are 261 older than ten years (64.1%), while 46 are of unknown age (11.3%). Among devices for fluoroscopy, 97 out of totally 206 have no image intensifier (32%). These devices should be immediately excluded from utilization. The index of age above seven years, which is according to the recommendation of the World Bank the lifetime of devices, reveals that 859 generators out of totally 984 (91%) are too old to be used, while there are 1111 x-ray tubes out of totally 1206 (92%) which are in the same condition. Regarding the manufacturers, the ratio is also unfavourable, since 49.3% of devices have been manufactured by comparies whose technology and spare parts are now inaccessible (Elektronska industrija). Such unacceptable obsoleteness of the radiological equipment requires urgent renewal.
医疗保健质量部分也取决于技术设备。如果设备老旧，会降低服务质量，同时使用时危险性也会增加，放射诊断设备肯定属于此类。此外，设备的使用年限决定着患者和医护人员所受辐射剂量。了解这些设备的使用年限是进一步发展规划的基础。本研究的目的是确定克罗地亚各机构中每台放射诊断设备的使用年限。由一名合格的专业人员对每台设备进行评估。数据收集方法基于统一的调查问卷，该问卷涵盖使用年限超过十年的放射诊断设备，按类型和地点分类（初级保健中心或医院，共655台设备）。确定使用年限超过七年的发生器和X射线管的年龄指数（根据世界银行的建议），还包括移动设备（55台用于荧光透视，68台用于放射摄影）、牙科放射摄影设备、私营部门的设备（118台）以及已停用但未正式封存的设备（88台），这意味着总共859台发生器和1111根X射线管。此外，还确定了荧光透视用影像增强器的可用性以及所有设备的制造商。研究结果显示，在初级保健中心的248台放射诊断设备中，193台使用年限超过十年（77.8%），而4台使用年限不明。在医院的407台设备中，261台使用年限超过十年（64.1%），而46台使用年限不明（11.3%）。在荧光透视设备中，206台中有97台没有影像增强器（32%）。这些设备应立即停止使用。根据世界银行建议的设备使用年限七年以上的指数显示，984台发生器中859台（91%）使用年限过长无法使用，1206根X射线管中有1111根（92%）处于同样状况。关于制造商，情况也不容乐观，因为49.3%的设备由目前技术和零部件难以获取的公司（Elektronska industrija）生产。放射设备如此不可接受的陈旧过时状况需要紧急更新。
