Räber D, Münch T, Morscher E
Orthopädische Universitätsklinik, Felix Platter-Spital Basel.
Orthopade. 1996 Sep;25(5):435-40. doi: 10.1007/s001320050044.
Pseudarthroses of the spine are classified into congenital, acquired non-traumatic, posttraumatic and postoperative (iatrogenic) pseudarthroses. The various types of non-unions of the spine are described according to their clinical and radiological appearance. In line with their clinical importance, special attention with respect to the operative treatment is given to non-union of the axis of C2 and to spondylolysis. For the pseudarthrosis of the dens a posterior fusion according to Gallie-Brooks is recommended, in spondylolysis without marked slipping a "direct repair" should be considered in young patients.
脊柱假关节可分为先天性、后天性非创伤性、创伤后和术后（医源性）假关节。根据脊柱不同类型骨不连的临床和影像学表现进行描述。鉴于其临床重要性，手术治疗特别关注C2椎体轴性骨不连和椎弓根峡部裂。对于齿状突假关节，建议采用Gallie-Brooks法进行后路融合；对于无明显滑脱的椎弓根峡部裂，年轻患者应考虑“直接修复”。
