Kaaks R
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 1996;32(1):111-21.
Case-control studies, and several prospective cohort studies, indicate that the risk of developing colorectal cancer is decreased in individuals who consume high levels of vegetables and fruits, and is possibly increased at high intake levels of meat and (saturated) fat. A new generation of prospective studies, following a multi-cohort design, is currently being set up in populations with diverse dietary intake patterns, and these may provide more detailed and more conclusive evidence on relations between nutritional factors and cancer risk. By including measurements of biomarkers in blood or tissue specimens, prospective epidemiological studies may also increase understanding of etiological pathways relating lifestyle factors to cancer development, and may thus help to identify nutritional factors that would need to be modified to prevent the disease.
病例对照研究以及多项前瞻性队列研究表明，摄入大量蔬菜和水果的个体患结直肠癌的风险会降低，而肉类和（饱和）脂肪摄入量高时，患癌风险可能会增加。目前正在不同饮食摄入模式的人群中开展新一代采用多队列设计的前瞻性研究，这些研究可能会提供有关营养因素与癌症风险之间关系的更详细、更确凿的证据。通过在血液或组织样本中纳入生物标志物测量，前瞻性流行病学研究还可能增进对生活方式因素与癌症发生之间病因学途径的理解，从而有助于确定为预防该疾病而需要调整的营养因素。
