化学防护服和个人装备对通气功能及主观反应的影响。

Effects of chemical defense clothing and individual equipment on ventilatory function and subjective reactions.

作者信息

Muza S R, Banderet L E, Forte V A

机构信息

U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760-5007, USA.

出版信息

Aviat Space Environ Med. 1996 Dec;67(12):1190-7.

PMID:8968488

Abstract

BACKGROUND

We hypothesized that the multiple layers of protective clothing (PC) of a Chemical Defense Uniform (CDU) with body armor (BA), and load bearing equipment (LBE) impose an external impedance on breathing mechanics in addition to that caused by the chemical-biological protective mask (CB mask).

METHODS

We measured the effects of wearing the CDU with BA + LBE on the mechanics and pattern of breathing and subjective reactions in 15 male soldiers during rest and sustained exercise (600 W). Heat strain on each soldier was made minimal and equivalent between the battle dress uniform (BDU) and CDU configurations.

RESULTS

Results from wearing the CDU were contrasted with data from wearing a physical training uniform (PTU), or BDU. At rest, the CDU decreased maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) by 25% (p < 0.05) compared with the PTU. The CB mask alone reduced MVV 20% (p < 0.05), and the PC + BA + LBE components of the CDU contributed an additional 5% decrement (p = 0.059). The CB mask decreased maximal respiratory flows (p < 0.05), whereas the PC + BA + LBE components decreased lung volumes (p < 0.05), and potentiated the decrement of respiratory flows. Total respiratory system elastance (Ers) was increased by 16% (p < 0.05) in the CDU. During exercise, VE was comparable for both the CDU and BDU, but VT was smaller (p < 0.01) and fR greater (p < 0.05) in the CDU; a breathing pattern consistent with the increased Ers. Perceptions of anxiety, not getting enough air, not breathing the way one usually does, and not being relaxed were greater (p < 0.05) during exercise in the CDU than in the BDU.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows that some of the respiratory impairment associated with the wearing of CDU is created by the PC, BA and LBE which present a unique external constraint on the chest wall. These impairments to ventilation may provoke more aversive effects than the larger resistive loads imposed by the CB mask.

摘要

背景

我们推测，配备防弹衣（BA）和负重装备（LBE）的化学防护服（CDU）的多层防护服（PC），除了化学防护面罩（CB面罩）所造成的影响外，还会给呼吸力学带来外部阻抗。

方法

我们测量了15名男性士兵在休息和持续运动（600瓦）期间穿着带有BA + LBE的CDU对呼吸力学、呼吸模式和主观反应的影响。使每位士兵的热应激最小化，并使战斗服（BDU）和CDU配置之间的热应激相当。

结果

将穿着CDU的结果与穿着体能训练服（PTU）或BDU的数据进行对比。休息时，与PTU相比，CDU使最大自主通气量（MVV）降低了25%（p < 0.05）。仅CB面罩使MVV降低了20%（p < 0.05），而CDU的PC + BA + LBE组件又额外导致了5%的降低（p = 0.059）。CB面罩降低了最大呼吸流量（p < 0.05），而PC + BA + LBE组件降低了肺容量（p < 0.05），并加剧了呼吸流量的降低。在CDU中，呼吸系统总弹性（Ers）增加了16%（p < 0.05）。运动期间，CDU和BDU的每分钟通气量（VE）相当，但CDU中的潮气量（VT）较小（p < 0.01），呼吸频率（fR）较高（p < 0.05）；这种呼吸模式与Ers增加一致。与BDU相比，在CDU中运动时，焦虑感、感觉空气不足、呼吸方式异常和感觉不放松的感受更为强烈（p < 0.05）。