Liuzzi G, Chirianni A, Clementi M, Bagnarelli P, Valenza A, Cataldo P T, Piazza M
Institute of Infectious Diseases, Università Federico II Napoli, Italy.
AIDS. 1996 Dec;10(14):F51-6. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199612000-00001.
To quantify the HIV-1 load (measured as copies of viral RNA/ml using competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) in blood, semen and saliva and to look for relationships between the viral burden, the clinical and immunological status and antiretroviral therapy.
Peripheral blood, semen and whole saliva samples were collected from 26 anti-HIV-1-seropositive patients selected for a cross-sectional study. Nine of the 26 patients provided samples of the three biological fluids for a longitudinal study.
HIV-1 RNA was detected in 26 out of 26 samples of plasma, in 25 out of 26 samples of semen and in 24 out of 25 samples of saliva. The median number of HIV-1 copies in plasma was 14 817/ml (range: 167-254 880), in semen was 515/ml (range: 0-196 050) and in saliva was 162/ml (range: 0-72 080). The viral load in semen and in saliva was significantly lower than in plasma (P < 0.0001). The HIV-1 RNA levels in plasma and in saliva were correlated (P < 0.05), but levels in semen were not correlated with either plasma or saliva levels. The HIV-1 copy number in plasma was significantly higher in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic subjects (P < 0.05). Plasma and saliva HIV-1 RNA levels were higher in subjects with a CD4+ cell count < 200 x 10(6)/l than in subjects with a CD4+ cell count > 200 x 10(6)/l (P < 0.05). The HIV-1 RNA load in either plasma, semen or saliva is not related to antiretroviral therapy.
The absence of a correlation between plasma and semen loads suggests that semen and blood are distinct viral compartments. Viral load in semen is not related to the clinical stage of HIV infection or to the CD4+ lymphocyte count. Consequently, HIV-1-infected subjects are potentially infectious at all stages of immuno-deficiency and adequate precautions must always be taken to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV.
定量检测血液、精液和唾液中的HIV-1载量（采用竞争性逆转录-聚合酶链反应测定，以病毒RNA拷贝数/ml为单位），并探寻病毒载量、临床及免疫状态与抗逆转录病毒治疗之间的关系。
从26名入选横断面研究的抗HIV-1血清阳性患者中采集外周血、精液和全唾液样本。26名患者中有9名提供了三种生物体液样本用于纵向研究。
26份血浆样本中有26份检测到HIV-1 RNA，26份精液样本中有25份检测到，25份唾液样本中有24份检测到。血浆中HIV-1拷贝数中位数为14817/ml（范围：167 - 254880），精液中为515/ml（范围：0 - 196050），唾液中为162/ml（范围：0 - 72080）。精液和唾液中的病毒载量显著低于血浆中的病毒载量（P < 0.0001）。血浆和唾液中的HIV-1 RNA水平具有相关性（P < 0.05），但精液中的水平与血浆或唾液水平均无相关性。有症状患者血浆中的HIV-1拷贝数显著高于无症状患者（P < 0.05）。CD4+细胞计数<200×10⁶/l的受试者血浆和唾液中的HIV-1 RNA水平高于CD4+细胞计数>200×10⁶/l的受试者（P < 0.05）。血浆、精液或唾液中的HIV-1 RNA载量与抗逆转录病毒治疗无关。
血浆和精液载量之间缺乏相关性表明精液和血液是不同的病毒储存库。精液中的病毒载量与HIV感染的临床阶段或CD4+淋巴细胞计数无关。因此，HIV-1感染患者在免疫缺陷的所有阶段都有潜在传染性，必须始终采取适当预防措施以防止HIV的性传播。
