Mellman I
Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8002, USA.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1996;12:575-625. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.12.1.575.
Endocytosis in eukaryotic cells is characterized by the continuous and regulated formation of prolific numbers of membrane vesicles at the plasma membrane. These vesicles come in several different varieties, ranging from the actin-dependent formation of phagosomes involved in particle uptake, to smaller clathrin-coated vesicles responsible for the internalization of extracellular fluid and receptor-bound ligands. In general, each of these vesicle types results in the delivery of their contents to lysosomes for degradation. The membrane components of endocytic vesicles, on the other hand, are subject to a series of highly complex and iterative molecular sorting events resulting in their targeting to specific destinations. In recent years, much has been learned about the function of the endocytic pathway and the mechanisms responsible for the molecular sorting of proteins and lipids. This review attempts to integrate these new concepts with long-established views of endocytosis to present a more coherent picture of how the endocytic pathway is organized and how the intracellular transport of internalized membrane components is controlled. Of particular importance are emerging concepts concerning the protein-based signals responsible for molecular sorting and the cytosolic complexes responsible for the decoding of these signals.
真核细胞中的内吞作用的特点是在质膜上持续且受调控地形成大量膜泡。这些膜泡有几种不同类型，从参与颗粒摄取的依赖肌动蛋白形成的吞噬体，到负责细胞外液和受体结合配体内化的较小的网格蛋白包被膜泡。一般来说，每种类型的膜泡都会将其内容物输送到溶酶体进行降解。另一方面，内吞膜泡的膜成分会经历一系列高度复杂且反复的分子分选事件，从而使其靶向特定目的地。近年来，人们对内吞途径的功能以及负责蛋白质和脂质分子分选的机制有了很多了解。本综述试图将这些新概念与长期以来对内吞作用的观点相结合，以更连贯地呈现内吞途径是如何组织的，以及内化膜成分的细胞内运输是如何控制的。特别重要的是有关负责分子分选的基于蛋白质的信号以及负责解码这些信号的胞质复合物的新出现的概念。
