Cui Xinmu, Song Yu, Han Jianfeng, Yuan Zhaoxin
Changchun Medical College, 6177, Jilin Street, Changchun, 130031, China.
Cellular Biomedicine Group Inc, Shanghai, 201203, China.
Biochem Biophys Rep. 2024 Dec 18;41:101902. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101902. eCollection 2025 Mar.
The Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway, with SMAD4 as its central mediator, plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular functions, including growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses. While extensive research has elucidated SMAD4's role in tumorigenesis, its functions within immune cells remain underexplored. This review synthesizes current knowledge on SMAD4's diverse roles in various immune cells such as T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages, highlighting its impact on immune homeostasis and pathogen response. Understanding SMAD4's role in immune cells is crucial, as its dysregulation can lead to autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammation, and immune deficiencies. The review emphasizes the significance of SMAD4 in immune regulation, proposing that deeper investigation could reveal novel therapeutic targets for immune-mediated conditions. Insights into SMAD4's involvement in processes like T cell differentiation, B cell class switch recombination, and macrophage polarization underscore its potential as a therapeutic target for a range of diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancer.
转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）信号通路以SMAD4作为其核心介质，在调节细胞功能（包括生长、分化、凋亡和免疫反应）中起着关键作用。虽然广泛的研究已经阐明了SMAD4在肿瘤发生中的作用，但其在免疫细胞中的功能仍未得到充分探索。本综述综合了目前关于SMAD4在各种免疫细胞（如T细胞、B细胞、树突状细胞和巨噬细胞）中不同作用的知识，强调了其对免疫稳态和病原体反应的影响。了解SMAD4在免疫细胞中的作用至关重要，因为其失调会导致自身免疫性疾病、慢性炎症和免疫缺陷。该综述强调了SMAD4在免疫调节中的重要性，提出更深入的研究可能会揭示免疫介导疾病的新治疗靶点。对SMAD4参与T细胞分化、B细胞类别转换重组和巨噬细胞极化等过程的深入了解，突出了其作为一系列疾病（包括自身免疫性疾病和癌症）治疗靶点的潜力。
