Bishara S E, Ortho D, Jakobsen J R, Angelakis D
College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1001, USA.
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996 Dec;110(6):624-9. doi: 10.1016/s0889-5406(96)80039-4.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the posttreatment changes in patients with Class II, Division 1 malocclusions who were treated with either extraction or nonextraction express similar trends in the male and female patients. The material for this investigation was obtained from the records available in the Graduate Orthodontic Clinic at the University of Iowa. Ninety-one patients were treated for their Class II, Division 1 malocclusions, 44 subjects (21 males and 23 females) had four first premolar extractions and 47 subjects (20 males and 27 females) were treated with nonextraction. Matched normal subjects included 20 male and 15 female subjects for whom complete sets of data were available for the period of this study. None of these subjects had undergone orthodontic therapy. Thirty-nine cephalometric anteroposterior and vertical skeletal, dental, and soft tissue linear and angular measurements were derived. Twenty-four dental arch parameters were evaluated and included: overbite, overjet, maxillary and mandibular arch lengths, and arch widths, as well as tooth size-arch length discrepancies. Student t tests were used to compare male and female subjects for the following parameters: (1) absolute dimensions recorded before treatment, after treatment, and at retention; (2) the incremental changes between the various stages; (3) the relative posttreatment changes. The level of significance was predetermined at p < 0.05. From the current findings the following can be concluded: (1) There were significant differences in the size as well as the incremental changes of the various cephalometric dentofacial parameters between normal male and female subjects. (2) There were significant differences in the absolute posttreatment cephalometric changes between male and female subjects, particularly in linear dimensions. Similar, but less frequent, findings were observed in the relative posttreatment changes. (3) Significant differences in the posttreatment dental arch changes between male and female subjects were the least frequent. (4) Male and female subjects expressed similar statistical trends in the direction of posttreatment changes. Therefore clinicians should not expect to observe significant differences in the posttreatment trends on the basis of the gender of the patient. On the other hand, the changes in linear dimensions are larger in male than female subjects. Therefore, for a more accurate interpretation of growth and/or treatment changes, it is advisable to independently analyze data on male and female subjects.
本研究的目的是确定接受拔牙或不拔牙治疗的安氏II类1分类错牙合患者治疗后的变化在男性和女性患者中是否表现出相似的趋势。本调查的资料来自爱荷华大学正畸研究生诊所的现有记录。91例患者接受了安氏II类1分类错牙合的治疗，44例受试者（21例男性和23例女性）拔除了四颗第一前磨牙，47例受试者（20例男性和27例女性）接受了不拔牙治疗。匹配的正常受试者包括20例男性和15例女性，在本研究期间可获得其完整的数据集。这些受试者均未接受过正畸治疗。得出了39项头影测量的前后向和垂直向骨骼、牙齿及软组织的线性和角度测量值。评估了24项牙弓参数，包括：覆牙合、覆盖、上颌和下颌牙弓长度、牙弓宽度以及牙量-骨量不调。采用学生t检验比较男性和女性受试者的以下参数：（1）治疗前、治疗后及保持时记录的绝对测量值；（2）各阶段之间的增量变化；（3）治疗后的相对变化。显著性水平预先设定为p < 0.05。根据目前的研究结果可得出以下结论：（1）正常男性和女性受试者在各项头影测量牙颌面参数的大小以及增量变化方面存在显著差异。（2）男性和女性受试者在治疗后头影测量的绝对变化方面存在显著差异，尤其是在线性测量方面。在治疗后的相对变化中也观察到了类似但不太常见的结果。（3）男性和女性受试者在治疗后牙弓变化方面的显著差异最少见。（4）男性和女性受试者在治疗后变化方向上表现出相似的统计趋势。因此，临床医生不应期望根据患者的性别观察到治疗后趋势的显著差异。另一方面，男性受试者的线性测量变化大于女性受试者。因此，为了更准确地解释生长和/或治疗变化，建议对男性和女性受试者的数据进行独立分析。
