Andersen S M, Reznik I, Manzella L M
Department of Psychology, New York University 10003, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 Dec;71(6):1108-29.
Recent research has demonstrated transference in social perception, defined in terms of memory and schema-triggered evaluation in relation to a new person (S. M. Andersen & A. B. Baum, 1994; S. M. Andersen & S. W. Cole, 1990; S. M. Andersen, N. S. Glassman, S. Chen, & S. W. Cole, 1995). The authors examined schema-triggered facial affect in transference, along with motivations and expectancies. In a nomothetic experimental design, participants encountered stimulus descriptors of a new target person that were derived either from their own idiographic descriptions of a positively toned or a negatively toned significant other or from a yoked control participant's descriptors. Equal numbers of positive and negative target descriptors were presented, regardless of the overall tone of the representation. The results verified the memory effect and schema-triggered evaluation in transference, on the basis of significant-other resemblance in the target person. Of importance, participants' nonverbal expression of facial affect when learning about the target person (i.e., at encoding) reflected the overall tone of their significant-other representation under the condition of significant-other resemblance, providing strong support for schema-triggered affect in transference, through the use of this unobtrusive, nonverbal measure. Parallel effects on interpersonal closeness motivation and expectancies for acceptance/rejection in transference also emerged.
最近的研究表明，社会认知中存在迁移现象，这是根据与一个新人相关的记忆和图式触发的评价来定义的（S.M.安德森和A.B.鲍姆，1994年；S.M.安德森和S.W.科尔，1990年；S.M.安德森、N.S.格拉斯曼、S.陈和S.W.科尔，1995年）。作者研究了迁移中由图式触发的面部表情，以及动机和期望。在一项通则性实验设计中，参与者遇到了一个新目标人物的刺激描述词，这些描述词要么来自他们自己对一个积极或消极的重要他人的个性化描述，要么来自一个匹配控制组参与者的描述词。无论表征的总体基调如何，呈现的积极和消极目标描述词数量相等。结果证实了迁移中的记忆效应和图式触发的评价，这基于目标人物与重要他人的相似性。重要的是，在重要他人相似的情况下，参与者在了解目标人物时（即在编码时）面部表情的非语言表达反映了他们重要他人表征的总体基调，通过使用这种不显眼的非语言测量方法，为迁移中由图式触发的情感提供了有力支持。在迁移中，人际亲密动机以及对接受/拒绝的期望也出现了类似的效应。
