Lindblom Jessica
Interaction Lab, School of Informatics, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jun 5;11:987. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00987. eCollection 2020.
The main issue addressed in this paper is to provide a reassessment of the role and relevance of the body in social cognition from a radical embodied cognitive science perspective. Initially, I provide a historical introduction of the traditional account of the body in cognitive science, which I here call the cognitivist view. I then present several lines of criticism raised against the cognitivist view advanced by more embodied, enacted and situated approaches in cognitive science, and related disciplines. Next, I analyze several approaches under the umbrella of embodied social cognition. My line of argument is that some of these approaches, although pointing toward the right direction of conceiving that the social mind is not merely contained inside the head, still fail to fully acknowledge the radically embodied social mind. I argue that the failure of these accounts of embodied social cognition could be associated with so-called 'simple embodiment.' The third part of this paper focuses on elaborating an alternative characterization of the radically embodied social mind that also tries to reduce the remaining problems with 'simple embodiment.' I draw upon two turns in radically embodied cognitive science, the enactive turn, and the intersubjective turn. On the one hand, there is the risk of focusing too much on the individual level in social cognition that may result in new kinds of methodological individualism that partly neglect the social dimension. On the other hand, socially distributed and socially extended approaches that pay more attention to the dynamics within social interaction may encounter the risk of ignoring the individual during social interaction dynamics and simultaneously not emphasizing the role of embodiment. The approach taken is to consider several ways of describing and incorporating the (individual) social mind at the social level that includes language. I outline some ideas and motivations for how to study and expand the field of radical embodied social cognition in the future, as well as pose the ubiquitous hazard of falling back into a cognitivism view in several ways.
本文探讨的主要问题是,从激进的具身认知科学视角,重新评估身体在社会认知中的作用及相关性。首先,我对认知科学中关于身体的传统观点进行历史介绍,我将其称为认知主义观点。接着,我阐述了认知科学及相关学科中更具具身性、涉身性和情境性的方法对认知主义观点提出的若干批评。然后,我分析了具身社会认知范畴下的几种方法。我的论点是,这些方法中的一些虽然指向了正确的方向,即认为社会心智不仅仅局限于头脑之中,但仍未能充分认识到彻底具身的社会心智。我认为这些具身社会认知解释的失败可能与所谓的“简单具身”有关。本文的第三部分着重阐述对彻底具身的社会心智的另一种描述,这种描述也试图减少“简单具身”遗留的问题。我借鉴了激进具身认知科学中的两个转向,即生成转向和主体间性转向。一方面,在社会认知中存在过于关注个体层面的风险,这可能导致新型的方法论个人主义,从而部分忽视社会维度。另一方面,更关注社会互动动态性的社会分布和社会扩展方法,可能面临在社会互动动态中忽视个体且不强调具身作用的风险。所采取的方法是考虑在包括语言在内的社会层面描述和纳入(个体)社会心智的几种方式。我概述了一些关于未来如何研究和拓展激进具身社会认知领域的想法和动机,同时也指出了以多种方式重新陷入认知主义观点的普遍风险。
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