Sokal R R, Oden N L, Walker J, Di Giovanni D, Thomson B A
Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794-5245, USA.
Hum Biol. 1996 Dec;68(6):873-98.
We have newly constructed an ethnohistorical database consisting of 3460 records of ethnic locations and movements in Europe since 2200 B.C. Using this database, we computed vectors of proportions that peoples speaking various language families contributed to the gene pools of 2216 1 degree x 1 degree land-based quadrats of Europe. From these vectors we computed ethnohistorical distances as arc distances between all pairs of quadrats. We used these distances as predictors of genetic distances, which we calculated independently from 26 genetic systems. We find significant partial correlations between ethnohistorical and genetic distances when geographic distance, a common causative factor, is held constant. Ethnohistorical distances explain a significant amount of the genetic variation observed in modern populations. These results are highly robust to simulated errors in and omissions from the ethnohistorical database. Randomization tests show that the historical sequence of the movements does not affect estimates of the ethnohistory-genetics correlation, but the geographic locations of movements do. We track the development of the ethnohistory-genetics correlation through time and show it to be gradual and cumulative over the past 4200 years.
我们新建了一个民族历史数据库，其中包含自公元前2200年以来欧洲3460条有关民族所在地和迁移情况的记录。利用该数据库，我们计算了讲不同语系的民族对欧洲2216个1度×1度陆地区域基因库的贡献比例向量。根据这些向量，我们计算了民族历史距离，即所有成对区域之间的弧距离。我们将这些距离用作遗传距离的预测指标，遗传距离是我们根据26个遗传系统独立计算得出的。当共同的因果因素——地理距离保持恒定时，我们发现民族历史距离与遗传距离之间存在显著的偏相关。民族历史距离解释了现代人群中观察到的大量遗传变异。这些结果对于民族历史数据库中的模拟误差和遗漏具有高度鲁棒性。随机化检验表明，迁移的历史顺序不影响民族历史与遗传学相关性的估计，但迁移的地理位置会影响。我们追踪了民族历史与遗传学相关性随时间的发展，并表明在过去4200年中它是渐进且累积的。
