Northcutt R G, Wicht H
Neurobiology Unit, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif., USA.
Brain Behav Evol. 1997;49(1):1-19. doi: 10.1159/000112978.
Injections of the carbocyanine dye, DiI, into the lateral pallium of the silver lamprey reveal that this pallial region receives bilateral inputs from the olfactory bulbs, dorsomedial telencephalic neuropil, and the habenular nuclei, and ipsilateral inputs from the septum, preoptic area, medial pallium, thalamus, and, possibly, the striatum. The efferent projections of the lateral pallium form dorsal (olfacto-habenular tract of Heier) and ventral (olfacto-thalamic and hypothalamic tracts of Heier) bundles. The dorsal bundle terminates ipsilaterally in the dorsal pallium, medial pallium, habenular nuclei, and pretectum and contralaterally in the habenular nuclei and, possibly, the dorsal pallium. The ventral bundle terminates ipsilaterally in the septum, striatum, and preoptic areas and bilaterally within the hypothalamus. Injections of DiI into the medial pallium reveal bilateral inputs to this pallial formation from the olfactory bulbs, the dorsomedial telencephalic neuropil, septum, habenular nuclei, thalamic nuclei, preoptic area and hypothalamus, as well as ipsilateral inputs from the lateral pallium, dorsal isthmal grey and midbrain tegmentum. The efferent projections of the medial pallium form dorsal, ventral and descending bundles. The dorsal bundle terminates ipsilaterally in the dorsal and lateral pallia and in the olfactory bulb. The ventral bundle terminates ipsilaterally in the dorsal pallium and bilaterally within the lateral pallium and in preoptic and hypothalamic areas. The descending bundle terminates bilaterally in thalamic and hypothalamic areas and in the pretectum and optic tectum. These data support a number of earlier hypotheses concerning pallial homologues in lampreys and other vertebrates but suggest that the earlier hypothesis of an olfactory origin of the telencephalon of craniates should be rejected.
向银灯鳗的外侧大脑皮层注射羰花青染料DiI，结果显示该大脑皮层区域接收来自嗅球、背内侧端脑神经纤维网和缰核的双侧输入，以及来自隔区、视前区、内侧大脑皮层、丘脑，可能还有纹状体的同侧输入。外侧大脑皮层的传出投射形成背侧束（海尔的嗅觉-缰核束）和腹侧束（海尔的嗅觉-丘脑束和嗅觉-下丘脑束）。背侧束同侧终止于背侧大脑皮层、内侧大脑皮层、缰核和顶盖前区，对侧终止于缰核，可能还有背侧大脑皮层。腹侧束同侧终止于隔区、纹状体和视前区，双侧终止于下丘脑。向内侧大脑皮层注射DiI显示，该大脑皮层结构接收来自嗅球、背内侧端脑神经纤维网、隔区、缰核、丘脑核、视前区和下丘脑的双侧输入，以及来自外侧大脑皮层、背侧峡部灰质和中脑被盖的同侧输入。内侧大脑皮层的传出投射形成背侧束、腹侧束和下行束。背侧束同侧终止于背侧和外侧大脑皮层以及嗅球。腹侧束同侧终止于背侧大脑皮层，双侧终止于外侧大脑皮层以及视前区和下丘脑区域。下行束双侧终止于丘脑和下丘脑区域以及顶盖前区和视顶盖。这些数据支持了一些关于七鳃鳗和其他脊椎动物大脑皮层同源物的早期假说，但表明脊椎动物端脑起源于嗅觉的早期假说应被摒弃。
