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大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）桡侧籽骨的功能解剖学

Functional anatomy of the radial sesamoid bone in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).

作者信息

Endo H, Sasaki N, Yamagiwa D, Uetake Y, Kurohmaru M, Hayashi Y

机构信息

Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan.

出版信息

J Anat. 1996 Dec;189 ( Pt 3)(Pt 3):587-92.

PMID:8982834
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1167701/
Abstract

The function of the radial sesamoid bone (RS) in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) was examined by macroscopic study of RS-related bones and muscles. The RS was observed to be connected to the scapholunar and the 1st metacarpal bones. A joint cavity was present between the proximal surface of the RS and the distal area of the scapholunar bone but the RS possessed a fibrous joint connecting it to the proximal radial surface of the 1st metacarpal bone. It is suggested that the RS possesses no substantial abductor-adductor function as the articulation between the RS and the 1st metacarpal bone (FM) seems not to permit flexible movement of the RS. The RS may be a supporting process opposite the digits in the palm when the animal flexes its 5 digits to grip objects, but it is not an active grasping apparatus. In the muscular system, abductor pollicis longus provided strong tendons to the RS as an RS-abductor, whereas the abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis and aponeurosis palmaris were well developed as an RS-adductor muscle group. Observation of RS articulations, however, showed that the muscles do not provide appreciable abduction-adduction actions for the RS.

摘要

通过对大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）桡侧籽骨（RS）相关骨骼和肌肉的宏观研究，对其功能进行了检查。观察到RS与舟月骨和第一掌骨相连。在RS近端表面与舟月骨远端区域之间存在关节腔，但RS与第一掌骨近端桡侧表面之间有一个纤维关节相连。由于RS与第一掌骨（FM）之间的关节似乎不允许RS灵活移动，因此认为RS不具有实质性的外展-内收功能。当动物弯曲其5个手指抓握物体时，RS可能是手掌中与手指相对的一个支撑突起，但它不是一个主动抓握装置。在肌肉系统中，拇长展肌作为RS外展肌为RS提供了强大的肌腱，而拇短展肌、拇对掌肌和掌腱膜作为RS内收肌群发育良好。然而，对RS关节的观察表明，这些肌肉并未为RS提供明显的外展-内收动作。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2a0a/1167701/a96fcbc56bf0/janat00125-0111-d.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2a0a/1167701/a96fcbc56bf0/janat00125-0111-d.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2a0a/1167701/45364196bdf0/janat00125-0108-a.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2a0a/1167701/0e0e917c7670/janat00125-0108-b.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2a0a/1167701/8ca4e41d734c/janat00125-0108-c.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2a0a/1167701/7f53a6bb703b/janat00125-0109-a.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2a0a/1167701/65ce16c7721e/janat00125-0109-b.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2a0a/1167701/bc0823219384/janat00125-0109-c.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2a0a/1167701/6419a687c89e/janat00125-0110-a.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2a0a/1167701/da733081dd44/janat00125-0110-b.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2a0a/1167701/415bcbef50ab/janat00125-0111-a.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2a0a/1167701/6abc82425d05/janat00125-0111-b.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2a0a/1167701/29e1b34ab854/janat00125-0111-c.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2a0a/1167701/a96fcbc56bf0/janat00125-0111-d.jpg

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Earliest giant panda false thumb suggests conflicting demands for locomotion and feeding.
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Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 30;12(1):10538. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13402-y.
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Tracing the origin of the panda's thumb.追溯大熊猫拇指的起源。
Naturwissenschaften. 2015 Jun;102(5-6):35. doi: 10.1007/s00114-015-1286-3. Epub 2015 Jun 3.
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The bamboo-eating giant panda harbors a carnivore-like gut microbiota, with excessive seasonal variations.以竹子为食的大熊猫拥有类似食肉动物的肠道微生物群，且存在过度的季节性变化。
mBio. 2015 May 19;6(3):e00022-15. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00022-15.
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Why does the giant panda eat bamboo? A comparative analysis of appetite-reward-related genes among mammals.大熊猫为什么吃竹子？哺乳动物食欲奖赏相关基因的比较分析。
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