Imagawa M, Yamadori T
Department of Anatomy, Kobe University School of Medicine.
Kobe J Med Sci. 1996 Feb;42(1):61-72.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the phylogenetic development of the cerebrum and cerebral sulcus in primates. The species selected were Macacus, Hylobates, Pan and Homo sapiens. These samples are classified as old world monkeys (Cercopithecidae), anthropoid apes (Pongidae), and Man (Hominidae). Although these four species divided up and went their separate ways from about the Oligocene era, the pattern of the cerebral sulci is similar. Of various cerebral sulci, the cingulate and calcarine sulci were selected, because they run on the medial surface of the cerebrum. The length of these sulci and fronto-occipital (FO) length were measured by a "cotton-thread" method. With the increase of size (FO-length) and weight of the brain, these sulci became longer, but there were no significant differences in the ratio of the calcarine sulcus to the FO-length among these four species. On the contrary, the ratio of the cingulate sulcus to the FO-length in Pan and Homo sapiens was significantly higher than in the other species, indicating that this ratio becomes higher with the phylogenetic development. The results of the present study suggest that the ratios of these sulci to the FO-length can be used as good indices to assess the degree of the phylogenetic development of the brain.
本研究的目的是调查灵长类动物大脑和脑沟的系统发育。所选物种为猕猴、长臂猿、黑猩猩和智人。这些样本被归类为旧世界猴（猕猴科）、类人猿（猩猩科）和人类（人科）。尽管这四个物种大约从渐新世时期就分道扬镳，但脑沟的模式是相似的。在各种脑沟中，选择了扣带回沟和距状沟，因为它们位于大脑的内表面。这些脑沟的长度和额枕（FO）长度通过“棉线”法测量。随着大脑大小（FO长度）和重量的增加，这些脑沟变得更长，但在这四个物种中，距状沟与FO长度的比例没有显著差异。相反，黑猩猩和智人中扣带回沟与FO长度的比例显著高于其他物种，表明该比例随着系统发育而升高。本研究结果表明，这些脑沟与FO长度的比例可作为评估大脑系统发育程度的良好指标。
